Opinion
In Support Of A Two-Party System
It is indisputable that every democratic system of
governance demands for freedom of expression, assembly and association as enshrined in section 39 and 40 of the reviewed 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
However, caution needs to be exercised in terms of formation and/or establishment of political parties which may either negatively or positively affect national development. Frankly speaking, multiple political organizations would not play effective role in the face of human and infrastructural development.
Obviously, most of the political organizations were created by power drunk, greedy and egocentric political stalwarts to defraud the economy of the nation to the detriment of the less-privileged in the society. It would be a wise effort to take a cue from pre-independence era and the botched Third Republic when two-party system was operational.
In 1953, two political parties were on ground, that is, National Council of Nigeria and Cameroons (alias NCNC), championed by late Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe (Zik of Africa) who contested on that platform and the Action Group (AG) led by late Chief Obafemi Awolowo, who was out to protect the interest of the Western Region of Nigeria.
After the military administrations between 1964 and 1979, when the Second Repubic came on board, five political parties were formed and registered to campaign for elections. The parties were: National Party of Nigeria (NPN), Nigerian Peoples Party (NPP), Great Nigeria Peoples Party (GNPP), Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) and Peoples Redemption Party (PRP).
Amongst the lot, it was only NPN that produced the president of the nation in the person of Alhaji Shehu Shagari. It was also ascertained that five political parties emerged during the shortlived Third Republic under a military junta which were Grassroots Democratic Movement (GDM), United Nigeria Congress Party (UNCP), National Conscience Party (NCP), etc.
Then between 1985 and 1993, General Ibrahim Badamosi Babangida (rtd) established a two-party system. The two parties segments were National Republican Convention (NRC) and Social Democratic Party (SDP) respectively. Of course, Alhaji Bashir Tofa was the presidential flag bearer of the NRC, while late Moshood M.K.O Abiola took the mantle of SDP. In fact, this was a welcome development in the political world. Without doubt, the presidential elections went on smoothly and successfully on June 12, 1993, which was later annulled by Babangida.
At the dawn of democratic governance in 1999, more political parties emerged such as: Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP), Congress for Progressive Change (CPC), etc
According to Professor Elo Amucheazi in his convention lecture entitled “The problem of party politics in Nigeria” at the 25th Convocation Ceremony of Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt on 27 April 2013, he opined that most of the political parties were ethnically and regionally focused and not for the general interest of the entire citizenry.
In his analysis, ACN (now APC) is a south west political party which identified with the Yoruba ethnic group. APGA identified with the Igbo enclave, ANPP and CPC are identified more with the Moslems of Hausa/Fulani and Shuwa Arabs Kanuri of north western and north eastern parts of Nigeria. The PDP, which is fairly widespread, still has its identification with south-south, south east, north central and non-Hausa/Fulani population of north west.
Even the United States of America that operates a presidential system of government does not have multiple political parties to bring them to the level they are in the present dispensation. Although, the administration of IBB in 1993 might have ulterior motive in establishing the two-party system, the initiative however was laudable.
There is never a time a nation would have two presidents but one at a given time and moment. Statistics have shown that there are over 100 political parties on ground, including the most recent one known as Conference of Nigeria Political Parties (CNPP), all claiming relevance in the polity.
Without mincing worlds, these parties gulp a lot of money which drains the economy of the nation. I think that most parties are established for exploitation. No wonder greater percentage of Nigerians are working as elephants but eating like ants in the midst of plenty resources because of bad leadership.
Notwithstanding the ills of President Ibrahim Babangida’s administration, it is expedient that the nation copy the two-party system which he introduced in 1993.
If General Babangida’s option imbibed it will no doubt create stability in the polity and facilitate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for adequate and appropriate national development.
I call on the National Assembly to pass a law for a two-party system or maximum of three-party system. If the establishment of political parties is not regulated every association will become a party in time to come. If we must truly be the giant of Africa as we have always claimed, then we need to regulate the establishment of political parties in the country.
Some of these political parties operate like cult groups causing confusion in the society. This is why political parties must be thoroughly scrutinized before they are registered.
A nation cannot bite more than it can chew! Democracy has been operational in this country for the past 15 years and should not be drowned in mid-sea with partisan politicking!
Ominyanwa is a public affairs analyst.
Goddey Ominyanwa
Opinion
Empowering Youth Through Agriculture
Quote:”While job seeking youths should continuously acquire skills and explore opportunities within their immediate environment as well as in the global space through the use of digital platforms, government, corporate/ multinational organizations or the organised private sector should generate skills and provide the enabling environment for skills acquisition, through adequate funding and resettlement packages that will provide sustainable economic life for beneficiaries”.
The Governor of Rivers State, Sir Siminalayi Fubara, recently urged youths in the Rivers State to take advantage of the vast opportunities available to become employers of labour and contribute meaningfully to the growth and development of the State. Governor Fubara noted that global trends increasingly favour entrepreneurship and innovation, and said that youths in Rivers State must not be left behind in harnessing these opportunities. The Governor, represented by the Secretary to the State Government, Dr Benibo Anabraba, made this known while declaring open the 2026 Job Fair organised by the Rivers State Government in partnership with the Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association (NECA) in Port Harcourt. The Governor acknowledged the responsibility of government to create jobs for its teeming youth population but noted that it is unrealistic to absorb all job seekers into the civil service.
“As a government, we recognise our duty to provide employment opportunities for our teeming youths. However, we also understand that not all youths can be accommodated within the civil service. This underscores the need to encourage entrepreneurship across diverse sectors and to partner with other stakeholders, including the youths themselves, so they can transition from being job seekers to employers of labour,” he said. It is necessary to State that Governor Fubara has not only stated the obvious but was committed to drive youth entrepreneurship towards their self-reliance and the economic development of the State It is not news that developed economies of the world are skilled driven economies. The private sector also remains the highest employer of labour in private sector driven or capitalist economy though it is also the responsibility of government to create job opportunities for the teeming unemployed youth population in Nigeria which has the highest youth unemployed population in the subSahara Africa.
The lack of job opportunities, caused partly by the Federal Government’s apathy to job creation, the lack of adequate supervision of job opportunities economic programmes, lack of employable skills by many youths in the country have conspired to heighten the attendant challenges of unemployment. The challenges which include, “Japa” syndrome (travelling abroad for greener pastures), that characterises the labour market and poses threat to the nation’s critical sector, especially the health and medical sector; astronomical increase in the crime rate and a loss of interest in education. While job seeking youths should continuously acquire skills and explore opportunities within their immediate environment as well as in the global space through the use of digital platforms, government, corporate/ multinational organizations or the organised private sector should generate skills and provide the enabling environment for skills acquisition, through adequate funding and resettlement packages that will provide sustainable economic life for beneficiaries.
While commending the Rivers State Government led by the People First Governor, Sir Siminilayi Fubara for initiating “various training and capacity-building programmes in areas such as ICT and artificial intelligence, oil and gas, maritime, and the blue economy, among others”, it is note-worthy that the labour market is dynamic and shaped by industry-specific demands, technological advancements, management practices and other emerging factors. So another sector the Federal, State and Local Governments should encourage youths to explore and harness the abounding potentials, in my considered view, is Agriculture. Agriculture remains a veritable solution to hunger, inflation, and food Insecurity that ravages the country. No doubt, the Nigeria’s arable landmass is grossly under-utilised and under-exploited.
In recent times, Nigerians have voiced their concerns about the persistent challenges of hunger, inflation, and the general increase in prices of goods and commodities. These issues not only affect the livelihoods of individuals and families but also pose significant threats to food security and economic stability in the country. The United Nations estimated that more than 25 million people in Nigeria could face food insecurity this year—a 47% increase from the 17 million people already at risk of going hungry, mainly due to ongoing insecurity, protracted conflicts, and rising food prices. An estimated two million children under five are likely to be pushed into acute malnutrition. (Reliefweb ,2023). In response, Nigeria declared a state of emergency on food insecurity, recognizing the urgent need to tackle food shortages, stabilize rising prices, and protect farmers facing violence from armed groups. However, without addressing the insecurity challenges, farmers will continue to struggle to feed their families and boost food production.
In addition, parts of northwest and northeast Nigeria have experienced changes in rainfall patterns making less water available for crop production. These climate change events have resulted in droughts and land degradations; presenting challenges for local communities and leading to significant impact on food security. In light of these daunting challenges, it is imperative to address the intricate interplay between insecurity and agricultural productivity. Nigeria can work toward ensuring food security, reducing poverty, and fostering sustainable economic growth in its vital agricultural sector. In this article, I suggest solutions that could enhance agricultural production and ensure that every state scales its agricultural production to a level where it can cater to 60% of the population.
This is feasible and achievable if government at all levels are intentional driving the development of the agricultural sector which was the major economic mainstay of the Country before the crude oil was struck in commercial quantity and consequently became the nation’s monolithic revenue source. Government should revive the moribund Graduate Farmers Scheme and the Rivers State School-to-Land agricultural programmes to operate concurrently with other skills acquisition and development programmes. There should be a consideration for investment in mechanized farming and arable land allocation. State and local governments should play a pivotal role in promoting mechanized farming and providing arable land for farming in communities. Additionally, allocating arable land enables small holder farmers to expand their operations and contribute to food security at the grassroots level.
Nigeria can unlock the potential of its agricultural sector to address the pressing needs of its population and achieve sustainable development. Policymakers and stakeholders must heed Akande’s recommendations and take decisive action to ensure a food-secure future for all Nigerians.
By: Igbiki Benibo
Opinion
Of Protests And Need For Dialogue
Quote:“.Across Abuja, Anambra, and Lagos, a common thread emerges: a disconnect between authority and empathy. Government actions may follow policy logic, but citizens respond from lived experience, fear, and frustration. When these realities collide without dialogue, the streets become the arena of engagement”
It was a turbulent week in the country, highlighting the widening gap between government intentions and public perception. From Abuja to Anambra and Lagos, citizens poured into the streets not just over specific grievances but in frustration with governance that often appears heavy-handed, confrontational, or insufficiently humane. While authorities may genuinely act in the public interest, their methods sometimes aggravate tensions rather than resolve them.
In Abuja, the strike by workers of the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) and the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) under the Joint Union Action Committee (JUAC) brought the capital to a near standstill. Their demands included five months’ unpaid wages, hazard and rural allowances, promotion arrears, welfare packages, pension and National Housing Fund remittances, and training and career progression concerns. These are core labour issues that directly affect workers’ dignity and livelihoods. Efforts to dialogue with the FCT Minister reportedly failed. Even after a court ordered the strike to end, workers persisted, underscoring the depth of discontent. Threats and sanctions only hardened positions.
The FCT crisis shows that industrial peace cannot be enforced through coercion. Dialogue is not weakness; it is recognition that governance is about people. Meeting labour leaders, listening attentively, clarifying grey areas, and agreeing on timelines could restore trust. Honesty and negotiation are far more effective than threats.
In Anambra, protests by Onitsha Main Market traders followed the government’s closure of the market over continued observance of a Monday sit-at-home, linked to separatist agitation. Governor Chukwuma Soludo described compliance as economic sabotage, insisting Anambra cannot operate as a “four-day-a-week economy.” While the governor’s concern is understandable, threats to revoke ownership, seize, or demolish the market risk escalating tensions. Many traders comply out of fear, not ideology. Markets are social ecosystems of families, apprentices, and informal networks; heavy-handed enforcement may worsen resistance. A better approach combines persuasion, dialogue with market leaders, credible security assurances, and gradual confidence-building. Coordinated political engagement with federal authorities could also reduce regional tensions.
In Lagos, protests erupted over demolition of homes in low-income waterfront communities such as Makoko, Owode Onirin, and Oworonshoki. The state defended these actions as necessary for safety, environmental protection, and urban renewal. While objectives are legitimate, demolitions drew criticism for lack of notice, compensation, and humane resettlement. Urban development without regard for human consequences risks appearing elitist and anti-poor. Where demolitions are unavoidable, transparent engagement, fair compensation, and realistic relocation must precede action to maintain public trust and social stability.
Across Abuja, Anambra, and Lagos, a common thread emerges: a disconnect between authority and empathy. Government actions may follow policy logic, but citizens respond from lived experience, fear, and frustration. When these realities collide without dialogue, the streets become the arena of engagement.
Democracy cannot thrive on decrees, threats, or bulldozers alone. Leaders must listen as much as they command, persuade as much as they enforce. Minister Wike should see labour leaders as partners, Governor Soludo must balance firmness with sensitivity, and Lagos authorities should align urban renewal with compassion and justice. Protests are signals of communication failure. Dialogue, caution, and a human face in governance are not optional—they are necessities. Police and security agencies must respect peaceful protest as a constitutional right.
By: Calista Ezeaku
Opinion
Empowering Youth Through Agriculture
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