Opinion
Prison Orientation For Public Officers?
The recent celebration of the golden jubilee anniversary of Nigeria by the Federal Government offered an opportunity for an assessment of the nation’s achievements in the 50 years of her independence.
The consensus of opinion was that successes in the socio-economic sphere were a shameful mis-match against the colossal financial resources invested in the period under review.
The under-achievement of the nation has always been blamed on poor leadership. Indeed, the high cost of running government under what has largely been regarded as recurring failed leaderships in Nigeria had led to the assumption that many who seek power; do so not with an altruistic desire to give purposeful leadership but to help themselves from the public till.
The consensus in the court of public opinion is that, had the trillions of dollars accruing to the country from the sale of her crude oil resources over the decades been utilized purposefully, Nigerians will know no want.
Poverty and disease, lack of basic social amenities, lack of electricity to drive industrialization and socio-economic development are inadequacies which the average Nigerian believes the nation should have resolved, decades ago under effective and purposeful leadership.
More frustrating and disappointing is the attitude of the public office holder, who in the long run, fails to improve or impact positively on the unhealthy situation he/she had sought and won peoples’ votes or mandate to address.
This is why, today, the nation’s landscape is littered with inadequate and poor infrastructure, abandoned projects and failed contracts with the leadership looking on helplessly.
Our leaders and public office holders frequently travel abroad at the expense of the tax payers and see how things are done in developed climes but fail to cause positive impact on the nation’s socio-economic transformation. Our legislators travel abroad and visit legislatures and parliaments overseas but have remained notorious for financial scandals and fighting and stripping themselves in public glare inside the hallowed chambers of the legislature.
The Nigeria Prison Service is the metaphor for the inefficiency of Nigerian public office holder. It represents the want which the generality of Nigerians suffer in the midst of plenty.
The Nigerian prisons is a loud testimonial to the empty promises of Nigerian leaders and the attitude of government officials who, season after season, promise prisons reforms but deliver nothing.
The Nigerian prisons, most of them built in the colonial era, are bursting at the seams with over-population. Whereas many of the prisons were built to accommodate a maximum of 300 inmates, today they are accommodating over 1,000 inmates, most of them awaiting trial.
Given the resources accruing to the country from crude oil since the 1970s when she was virtually in search of what to spend petro-dollar on and the exposure of our leaders and public officials to similar punitive/reformatory facilities abroad, why has the nation’s prisons remained such an eyesore.
It is on record that, in government after government, interior ministers go on familiarization tours of the prisons, yet after every government dispensation, the prisons remain in their deplorable state.
Even when leaders, including former President Olusegun Obasanjo and Governor Theodore Orji of Abia State were incarcerated in the prisons, they soon forgot the promises they made to their fellow inmates to do their best to improve the prisons when they leave.
Orji is, however, on record as the only leader who blessed inmates with a hall after he left the prison.
Piqued by the utter neglect of Nigerian prisons by the Federal Government, coupled with the dehumanizing status of the inmates, Lagos lawyer and human rights activist, Chief Gabriel Giwa-Amu, last week advocated an orientation period for public officers within prison walls, as panacea to official apathy towards prison reforms.
Addressing journalists in his Ikeja office, Giwa-Amu, who runs a free legal unit for the poor, narrated his experience at Kwale prison where he was drawn to near tears when the female inmates begged him to provide them with sanitary pads.
Indeed, it is unfortunate and a reflection of poor leadership that the nation cannot provide sanitary pads for female prison inmates. Giwa-Amu’s experience at the Kwale prison is a reflection of the rot in prisons across the country.
Yet, we have always had the executive arm of government, represented by the president, whose interior minister and other officials visit the prisons and travel abroad on official duties during which they see how similar facilities are managed.
We have had the legislature as in the National Assembly which makes laws for good governance with relevant committees exercising over-sight functions over various sectors, including the prisons establishment.
It is also worthy of note that our Honourable Members and Distinguished Senators of the National Assembly never fail to assume duties by first fixing their salaries, while most other bills affecting national development and welfare of Nigerians, including prison inmates are handled with snail speed.
The judicial arm of government, represented by the Chief Justice of Nigeria deserves sympathy and understanding.
The officers in the temple of justice can only make pronouncements but do not have the power of execution.
Understandably, judges visit prisons on ga.lol delivery duties and raise alarm in most cases, over the decay in prisons facilities. But they do not control the power and funds to change the ugly scenario.
In the light of the unbecoming attitude of government and its officials to the plight of inmates of the various prisons in the country, perhaps, Giwa Amu’s panacea will usher in a breakthrough.
When political leaders are made to serve a maximum of two weeks in any of the prisons, a taste of life behind bars may drive a sense of feelings of what fellow Nigerians go through on a daily basis. This could end the procrastination of prison reforms by government.
The dilemma of the Nigerian prisons has been there in the past 50 years. Understandably, it is a problem inherited by President Goodluck Jonathan.
However, it will be a distinguishing achievement if President Jonathan tackles the problem of Nigerian prisons with the political will it deserves.
The prison was designed and equipped to reform and provide inmates training and skills to be better citizens, useful to society after serving their terms.
Today, over-crowding and inadequate and obsolete facilities have made the Nigerian prisons breeding grounds for criminals.
Let’s therefore pray that, with Jonathan, goodluck will visit Nigerian prisons.
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Fuel Subsidy Removal and the Economic Implications for Nigerians
From all indications, Nigeria possesses enough human and material resources to become a true economic powerhouse in Africa. According to the National Population Commission (NPC, 2023), the country’s population has grown steadily within the last decade, presently standing at about 220 million people—mostly young, vibrant, and innovative. Nigeria also remains the sixth-largest oil producer in the world, with enormous reserves of gas, fertile agricultural land, and human capital.
Yet, despite this enormous potential, the country continues to grapple with underdevelopment, poverty, unemployment, and insecurity. Recent data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS, 2023) show that about 129 million Nigerians currently live below the poverty line. Most families can no longer afford basic necessities, even as the government continues to project a rosy economic picture.
The Subsidy Question
The removal of fuel subsidy in 2023 by President Bola Ahmed Tinubu has been one of the most controversial policy decisions in Nigeria’s recent history. According to the president, subsidy removal was designed to reduce fiscal burden, unify the foreign exchange rate, attract investment, curb inflation, and discourage excessive government borrowing.
While these objectives are theoretically sound, the reality for ordinary Nigerians has been severe hardship. Fuel prices more than tripled, transportation costs surged, and food inflation—already high—rose above 30% (NBS, 2023). The World Bank (2023) estimates that an additional 7.1 million Nigerians were pushed into poverty after subsidy removal.
A Critical Economic View
As an economist, I argue that the problem was not subsidy removal itself—which was inevitable—but the timing, sequencing, and structural gaps in Nigeria’s implementation.
- Structural Miscalculation
Nigeria’s four state-owned refineries remain nonfunctional. By removing subsidies without local refining capacity, the government exposed the economy to import-price pass-through effects—where global oil price shocks translate directly into domestic inflation. This was not just a timing issue but a fundamental policy miscalculation.
- Neglect of Social Safety Nets
Countries like Indonesia (2005) and Ghana (2005) removed subsidies successfully only after introducing cash transfers, transport vouchers, and food subsidies for the poor (World Bank, 2005). Nigeria, however, implemented removal abruptly, shifting the fiscal burden directly onto households without protection.
- Failure to Secure Food and Energy Alternatives
Fuel subsidy removal amplified existing weaknesses in agriculture and energy. Instead of sequencing reforms, government left Nigerians without refinery capacity, renewable energy alternatives, or mechanized agricultural productivity—all of which could have cushioned the shock.
Political and Public Concerns
Prominent leaders have echoed these concerns. Mr. Peter Obi, the Labour Party’s 2023 presidential candidate, described the subsidy removal as “good but wrongly timed.” Atiku Abubakar of the People’s Democratic Party also faulted the government’s hasty approach. Human rights activists like Obodoekwe Stive stressed that refineries should have been made functional first, to reduce the suffering of citizens.
This is not just political rhetoric—it reflects a widespread economic reality. When inflation climbs above 30%, when purchasing power collapses, and when households cannot meet basic needs, the promise of reform becomes overshadowed by social pain.
Broader Implications
The consequences of this policy are multidimensional:
- Inflationary Pressures – Food inflation above 30% has made nutrition unaffordable for many households.
- Rising Poverty – 7.1 million Nigerians have been newly pushed into poverty (World Bank, 2023).
- Middle-Class Erosion – Rising transport, rent, and healthcare costs are squeezing household incomes.
- Debt Concerns – Despite promises, government borrowing has continued, raising sustainability questions.
- Public Distrust – When government promises savings but citizens feel only pain, trust in leadership erodes.
In effect, subsidy removal without structural readiness has widened inequality and eroded social stability.
Missed Opportunities
Nigeria’s leaders had the chance to approach subsidy removal differently:
- Refinery Rehabilitation – Ensuring local refining to reduce exposure to global oil price shocks.
- Renewable Energy Investment – Diversifying energy through solar, hydro, and wind to reduce reliance on imported petroleum.
- Agricultural Productivity – Mechanization, irrigation, and smallholder financing could have boosted food supply and stabilized prices.
- Social Safety Nets – Conditional cash transfers, food vouchers, and transport subsidies could have protected the most vulnerable.
Instead, reform came abruptly, leaving citizens to absorb all the pain while waiting for theoretical long-term benefits.
Conclusion: Reform With a Human Face
Fuel subsidy removal was inevitable, but Nigeria’s approach has worsened hardship for millions. True reform must go beyond fiscal savings to protect citizens.
Economic policy is not judged only by its efficiency but by its humanity. A well-sequenced reform could have balanced fiscal responsibility with equity, ensuring that ordinary Nigerians were not crushed under the weight of sudden change.
Nigeria has the resources, population, and resilience to lead Africa’s economy. But leadership requires foresight. It requires policies that are inclusive, humane, and strategically sequenced.
Reform without equity is displacement of poverty, not development. If Nigeria truly seeks progress, its policies must wear a human face.
References
- National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). (2023). Poverty and Inequality Report. Abuja.
- National Population Commission (NPC). (2023). Population Estimates. Abuja.
- World Bank. (2023). Nigeria Development Update. Washington, DC.
- World Bank. (2005). Fuel Subsidy Reforms: Lessons from Indonesia and Ghana. Washington, DC.
- OPEC. (2023). Annual Statistical Bulletin. Vienna.
By: Amarachi Amaugo
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