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Public Procurement Corruption: Casuses, Remedies (2)

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This is the second part of the paper first published Monday 4th January, 2010.

 

According to Vito Tanzi, “The total economic and social effects of corrupt actions might be very costly and out of proportion to the bribes received by corrupt officials in terms of resources wasted, the opportunity cost of resources· misused, and the inefficiencies introduced in the system.”

To illustrate the economic impact of rent seeking and corruption with an example, imagine that a highway is to be built, a N500 million project. Ten companies take part in the tender. A modest suggestion is that five companies each pay N500,000 in various types of grease payments to win the contract, while the winner also pays 10% of the contract value, N50 million. The apparent effect is that $52,500,000 is wasted. Besides, the bribe paid by the contractor most probably inflates the highway price, or makes the company skimp on quality. The other four bribing companies also have to regain their sunk cost, for instance by increasing prices on other products offered by the company, contributing to higher domestic inflation. Macroeconomic effects are obvious if this example portrays e.g. ten percent of the public acquisitions in a country. This percentage is most likely higher in countries experiencing extensive corruption.

Corruption, “state capture” and transition economies

A different side of bureaucratic rent seeking is state capture, defined as the propensity of firms to shape the underlying rules of the game (Le. laws, decrees and regulations) through illicit and non-transparent private payments to public officials (Hellman et aI., 2000a). State capture evolves as a result of grand corruption. Key state institutions are “captured” by private interests to bias the policy-making process in favor of particular firms, leaving the operation of government non-transparent. The underlying threat to democracy is obvious when elected politicians and public officials make decisions on grounds deviating from the expected.

Impaired competition, abated international interest and firm behavior

“Systematic corruption can induce inefficiencies that reduce competitiveness. It may limit the number of bidders, favor those with inside connections rather than the most efficient candidates, limit the information available to participants and introduce added transaction costs” (UNDP, 1997). These distortions of market forces obstruct the ordinary benefits induced by competition, like the achievement of best value for money, a rational allocation of resources, and the pressure experienced by individuals and companies for general improvement. Usually, a public tender affected by corruption represents an inefficient investment of public assets. One reason is inflated prices; another is that a corrupt official who discriminates in favor of some bidders frequently selects an inefficient contractor (lien, 1990; Rose-Ackerman, 1978).

A pervasive level of corruption in the economy may also abate the international interest in both trade and foreign direct investment (Wei, 1997 and 1999), resulting in a GDP growth lower than it could have been and a reduction of qualified competitors in procurement projects. Corruption represents an increase of trade or investment expenditures to a foreign enterprise. When demands for bribes also appear unpredictable, counting on the necessary profit is difficult.

Predictable corruption, however, may not necessarily be less harmful than unpredictable corruption. Lambsdorff argues that confidence in corrupt deals enhances the further spread of corruption. “When business people have confidence that after paying a bribe a return will be provided as promised, there is less motivation to seek legal alternatives” (Lambsdorff, 2001). The uncertainty with regard to costs may thus cause the enterprise to turn the tender in question down. Besides, operating in a situation with informal rules is difficult as the company may not understand how to behave and react, who to bribe (and not to bribe), what contact to grease, etc., explaining a certain refusal to approach the economy. Companies may also decline tenders likely to be affected by corruption because of legal restrictions on bribery of foreign public officials.

The companies defying all these challenges, on the other hand, experiencing successful trade or investment in the economy despite high levels of corruption, often exhibit a more lenient attitude towards bribery. Furthermore, UNDP (1997) explains how the uncertainties introduced by corruption into the economic environment may affect the way private firms do business. The firm may take up a short-run orientation, fearing either that those in power may overthrow because of their corruption, or the imposition of arbitrary financial demands once investments are sunk. The consequence may be a reluctance to invest in stationary capital and a too hasty project completion ignoring quality demands.

Of course, these problems are not characterizing all companies. To some degree, however, the attitude towards bribery and the effect on firm behavior may cause an adverse selection of foreign companies operating in the economy, companies whose success rests on bribery. Such an adverse selection of companies would ensure a constant flow of illegal payments to public officials, and restrict the efficiency of anti-corruption measures.

GOOD PRACTICES IN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

The fight against corruption must start with an explicit commitment by the prime leadership of the country. Ending the pettier forms of corruption in the bureaucracy is difficult if the grand political corruption persists. An honest intention has to be followed up by good behavior, expressing opposition against all forms of corruption, whether it involves family members and friends, political associates, or other members of government.

Policy Response

Policy makers can respond to risks of corruption in general by ensuring a good public procurement system. A good public procurement system that can effectively prevent corruption needs to be transparent and provide for accountability and integrity. The system should also confirm to and cover various procedures, laws and processes put in place for detecting and preventing corruption.

(To be Continued).

 

Seun Adebowale

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Wigwe’s Luxury Yacht Goes For N8.74 Billion After Legal Proceedings

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The daughter of late Nigerian banking executive, Herbert Wigwe has sold her father’s luxury yacht for $6.5 million which is the equivalent of N8.74 Billion following legal proceedings involving her, Otutochi Wigwe, and the company holding the vessel, Grosvenor Marine Ventures Limited.

This was contained in an online report obtained by The Tide Source in Port Harcourt recently.

The Source further clarified that $6. 5 Million dollars or N8.74 Billion was the asking price as at March this year but was unable to prove, if the said amount was exactly what the vessel went for.

The yacht, known as Chitochi, is a 2016 Custom Line 108 superyacht measuring approximately 33 metres (108 feet) in length. The transaction was handled by international yacht brokerage firm IYC, with its sales and charter consultant, Mark Elliott, overseeing the sale.

The disposal of the high-value vessel followed legal steps taken to address the corporate status of Grosvenor Marine Ventures Ltd., the company through which the yacht was held.

Otutochi Wigwe reportedly approached a court in the British Virgin Islands (BVI) to secure the restoration of the company to the corporate register, a move that enabled the necessary legal steps towards the sale of the vessel.

The proceedings were central to resolving the corporate issues affecting the company and facilitating the transaction, underscoring the legal complexities that may arise when valuable assets are held through corporate entities in foreign jurisdictions.

The sale is also significant in the context of estate administration, as luxury yachts require substantial financial commitments to maintain, even when they are no longer actively used by their owners or beneficiaries.

Such vessels typically attract considerable expenses, including crew salaries, insurance premiums, berthing charges, routine servicing and other maintenance costs, making their continued ownership a major financial responsibility.

Beyond the recurring expenses, luxury yachts are depreciating assets that may lose value over time. Their disposal can therefore form part of a strategy to preserve estate value, reduce liabilities and convert an expensive asset into liquid funds.

Wigwe, who was the former Group Chief Executive Officer of Access Holdings, died on February 9, 2024, in a helicopter crash in California, United States, alongside his wife, Chizoba; their son, Chizi; and former Nigerian Exchange Group chairman, Abimbola Ogunbanjo.

His death was widely mourned across Nigeria’s banking and business communities, where he was recognised for his contributions to the financial services industry, entrepreneurship and philanthropy.

Wigwe’s passing left behind an estate whose administration involves the management of assets and other financial interests, a process that can require legal and financial decisions to protect the interests of the estate and its beneficiaries.

The sale of Chitochi highlights the challenges associated with managing high-value assets held through corporate structures, particularly where the relevant companies and legal proceedings fall under different jurisdictions.

The $6.5 million transaction brings the yacht’s ownership chapter to a close while illustrating how legal procedures, financial considerations and estate management can intersect in the administration of the assets of a prominent business figure.

‘’We determined to get all our equipments and machinery functioning as we progress. For now we’ve about 105 workers, comprising daily paid harvesters and regular staffs. But aside these 105 staffs we also employ daily slashers who for now are about 100.

“During peak periods, hopefully on or before January 2026 we hope to increase our work force for maximum production”, the firm’s management Stated.

 

King Onunwor

 

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Firm Mulls Crash Down On Vegetable Oil Price …Targets Revenue Boost, Job Creation

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A firm, Kompetenz Investment Zentrum Ltd,  has said it would crash down the cost of vegetable oil in the market through adequate production and milling of its product for large scale sales in and around the State.
The Head, Human Resource Management of the firm, Mrs Amina Shehu said this in Yenagoa, the State capital, Wednesday while speaking with newsmen on an inspection tour of the company.
She noted that while other firms have previously managed the Palm farm, her company which she described as an experienced manager of palm farms recently acquired right of management of the Bayelsa Government-own palm plantation in September, 2026.
“We inherited a poorly managed farm and machineries from our predecessors, and so we’re working assiduously to overhaul the mills in this firm, more especially the biggest one.
”Today we’ve been able to put the small one into use, and it’s functioning well. Some engineering contractors have also came around with their various interest in bidding for the repair and overhaul of the ailing big mill we inherited, but surely the cost of repairs shown to us by the engineers run into billions.We’re however determined to get all our equipments and machinery functioning soon”, she said.
Mrs Shehu bemoaned the dysfunctional State of the farm facilities prior to its acquisition,  adding however that there were plans by the company to get all moribund machinery functioning and put them to maximum utilisation and production capacity, while also working towards ensuring revenue boost for the firm and the State in the future.
Speaking on manpower and employment generation, the company’s HRM  emphasised that at low peaks, the firm has employed no fewer than 200 staffers, comprising regular, casuals and workers on its daily payroll.
“At peak periods of harvest, more hands would be employed and production and milling capacity will be increased to 10 tons of palm oil  per day in order to gradually crash down the soaring price of red oil in and around  this State.
“We have just acquired the right of management of the Bayelsa Palm estate in September, 2026. We’re barely two months old as new management of this farm. As you can see for yourselves, a lot of work is currently ongoing in this farm.
“We have borrowed loans to run this farm, and so a lot of work; slashing of the palm fruits and clearing of the farm is ongoing.  But upon what we have done which amounts to millions, it’s like we have  not yet started because the Bayelsa Palm estate is really big” Mrs Shehu added.
She noted that during the world food day the company  “showcased some of our produce and as we speak calls are coming in from far and near placing orders and showing interest in doing business with us.
“Our Director (our boss), has the requisite experience in this business. He has reinvigorated and invested in similar Palm farm businesses in other parts of this country.
“Some contractors have also came around with their various interest in bidding for the repair and overhaul of the ailing machinery we inherited, but surely the cost of repairs shown to us by the engineers run into billions.
‘We determined to get all our equipments and machinery functioning as we progress. For now we have  about 105 workers, comprising daily paid harvesters and regular staffs. But aside these 105 staffs we also employ daily slashers who for now are about 100.
“During peak periods, hopefully on or before January 2026 we hope to increase our work force for maximum production”.
The Tide gathered that the firm is the new operator of the Bayelsa Palm estate and managers of the state’s Palm tree plantation.
The Tide  spoke with a cross section of traders and consumers in major markets of the State and reports said the price of Palm oil which is botanically referred to as ‘elaeis guineensis’ has increased astronomically in recent months, due to general inflation in prices of commodities.

Ariwera Ibibo-Howells, Yenagoa

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Traders Decry Continuous Increase In Prices Of Foodstuffs

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Some traders at the Rumuwoji Market popularly known as Mile 1 Market have decried the continuous increase in the prices of food stuffs and other items in the ember season.

This was made known by the traders when The Tide  visited the market recently.

The traders revealed varying changes in the prices of foodstuffs, with some commodities recording higher increase than others .

A trader Mrs Charity Obinna, at the market, said the price of yam remained the same last week and this week compared to the prices from last month to this month, adding that only a difference of about N100 to  N200 was seen.

Another trader, Chukwuebuka Livinus who deals on garri, reported that the prices of some food commodities had been changing frequently.

According to him, the price of a bag of garri increased from N45,000 last week to N58,000 this week, representing an increase of  N13,000.

Livinus described the increase as scary and called on the government to do something about it, especially as we get closer to the festive period.

A trader that deals on vegetables, Mrs Joy reported that a significant increase in the prices of pepper rose from N20,000 last week to N40,000 this week.

Similarly, the price of a bag of melon (egusi) increased from N420,000 toN490,000 this week.

In a separate report, Mrs Charity Obinna said that foodstuffs were generally cheaper last month than this month, with price differences ranging from N150 to N200 for some items.

Meanwhile, Giff Okoro reported a decrease in the price of tomatoes. According to her, a quantity of tomatoes that cost N45,000 last month now sells for N25,000, indicating a reduction of N20,000.

Another trader, Usman Ibrahim said the cost of transporting goods from the communities to urban areas where they are sold is one of the major reasons for high cost of goods.

He said transport cost has doubled due to the cost of petroleum products in Nigeria, adding the whole cost is part of the goods because “entrepreneurs must cover their cost and make their gains .

Ibrahim called on the government to help farmers and traders even with little capitals to expand and sustain their business.

Another trader, Mrs Choice Promise a fish retailer said a cartoon which sold at #35,000 last week now sells at #50,000 .

Promise complained that there is no gain or profit because the price has drastically increase and most people cannot afford to buy fish again.

“Mr. President’s Renewed Hope Agenda recognizes that economic ambition requires dependable infrastructure,” Tegbe said.

He added that investments in electricity infrastructure would strengthen the foundations for business expansion, employment and economic growth.

The Kankia substations comprise two 60 MVA, 132/33 kilovolt (kV) facilities designed to strengthen the transmission network serving Katsina State and neighbouring areas.

Tegbe said the infrastructure would improve the network’s ability to distribute available electricity, supporting commercial activities and household welfare.

He also urged residents to protect the facilities against vandalism and other activities that could disrupt electricity infrastructure, asking them to report suspicious activities to TCN or security agencies.

Katsina State Governor, Dikko Umaru Radda, described the project as a significant investment in the state’s electricity infrastructure.

Radda stated that improved electricity supply could support industrial development, economic growth and public service delivery.

He further commended the President, the Federal Ministry of Power and TCN for completing the project.

It would be noted that the latest projects come amid a broader government’s drive to address bottlenecks in Nigeria’s electricity transmission network, which has constrained the amount of electricity that can be delivered to distribution companies and end users.

 

Wali Chioma, Obasi Chidinma & Amarachi Uche

 

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