Opinion
Panacea To HIV/AIDS Pandemic
In our generation, one of the devastating and most dreaded diseases that has affected mankind and defiled medical care is HIV/AIDS.
HIV is a virus called retrovirus. Viruses are the smallest of all microorganisms (hundreds of times smaller than bacteria).
Research has shown that AID and HIV have puzzled scientists ever since the illness first came to light in the early 1980’s. For over twenty years, it has been the subject of fierce debate and the cause of countless arguments, with everything from a promiscuous flight attendant to a suspect vaccine programme being blamed. So is the truth? Just where did Aids come from? The first recognised cases of Aids occurred in USA in the early 1980’s (more about this period can be found on our history of Aids). A number of gaymen in New York and California suddenly began to develop raw opportunistic infections and cancers that seemed stubbornly resistant to any treatment. At this time, Aids did not yet have a name but it quietly became obvious that all the men were suffering from a common syndrome.
The discovery of HIV, the human immune deficiency virus, was made soon after, while some were initially resistant to acknowledge the connection (and indeed some remain so today) there is now clear evidence to prove that HIV causes AIDS, So, in order to find the source of AIDS, It is necessary to look out for the origin of HIV, and found out how, when and where HIV first began to cause disease in humans.
HIV is a lentivirus, and like all viruses of this type, it attacks the immune system. Lentivirus are in turn part of a larger group of viruses known as retroviruses. The name “Lentivirus’ literally means ‘slow virus’ because they take such a long time to produce any adverse effects in the body. They have been found in a number of different animals including cats, sheep, horses and cattle.
However, the most interesting lentivirus in the terms of the investigation into the origin of HIV is the Simian Immuno Deficiency Virus (SIV) that affects monkey. It is now generally accepted that HIV is a descendant of a Simian Immuno Deficiency Virus because certain strains of SIV bear a very close resemblance to HIV 1 and HIV-2. there are two types of HIV. HIV-1and HIV-2. HIV-2 for example, corresponds to SIVSM a Strain of Immuno Deficiency Virus found in the sooty mangabey (also known as the white covered monkey) which is indigenous to western Africa.
AIDS is caused by the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV). HIV destroys a type of defense call in the body called a CDH helper lymphocyte pronounced Limfulsite.
These lymphocytes are part of the body’s immune system, the defense system that fights infestuous diseases. But as HIV destroys these lymphocytes, people with virus begin to get serious infections that they normally wouldn’t –that is, they become immune deficient. The name for this condition is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
As the medical community learns more about how HIV works, they’ve been able to develop drugs to inhibit it (meaning they interfer with it’s growth). These drugs have been successful in slowing the progress of the disease, and people with the disease now live much longer. But there is still no cure for HIV and AIDS. Hundreds of U.S teens became infected with HIV each year. HIV can be transmitted from an infected person to another through blood, semen (also known as ejaculation) vaginal live fluids, and breast milk.
There are stages leading to AIDs; a person infected with a normal healthy life until the virus multiplies and breaks down the immune system, so that they can no longer do their work of protecting the body, this can leads to Aids. The first in these stages is the incubation period. This lasts between 3-6 months within which laboratory test on the carrier does not show positive. This is very dangerous stage of the diseases because it is very widely spread with every blood to blood contact with the carrier and through sex with the carrier.
Another stage is known as symptom free period which lasts between 2 to 10 yrs within which no noticeable symptoms may appear.
The third stage is the symptomatic period, the symptomatic include: tiredness, fever, dysentery, cough, enlarged lymph glands, skin rashes, thrush and yeast infections.
All these symptoms are referred to as AIDS related complex or condition (ARC).
The last stage is the stage of full blown Aids which has three major signs: persistent fever (up to 1 month), excessive weight loss (more than 10% of body weight) accompanied with persistent or chronic diarrhea lasting up to 1 month.
A person can be infected with HIV/AIDS mostly with sexually transmitted disease, it is contracted with an infected person. Statistics have shown that more than 80% of person with HIV got it through sex. Other ways include mother to baby during childbirth and blood transfusion, infection (strings and needles) and sharing of sharp instruments.
The virus is spread through high risk behaviour including: unprotected oral, vaginal or anal sexual intercourse (unprotected means not using a condom), sharing needles such as needles used to inject drugs including needles used for injecting steroids and used for tattoing.
People who have another sexually transmitted disease such as syphilis, genital herpers, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, or bacterial vaginosis are at greater risk for getting HIV during sex with infected partners. If a woman with HIV is pregnant, her new born baby can catch the virus from her before birth, during the birthing process, or from breast feeding. If doctors know an expectant mother has HIV, they can usually prevent the spread of the virus from mother to baby-all pregnant teens and women should be tested for HIV so they can begin treatment if necessary.
This issue of HIV/AIDS demands serious attention, though no known cure has been found for HIV/AIDS. But with the use of autistics, it can help to prevent certain infection which is recommended by doctors and the regular administration of antiretroviral drugs have been found to be useful but the cost is always beyond the reach of an average income earners.
The best approach to prevent HIV/AIDS is total abstinence from sex outside marriage as well as test before marriage: avoid dangerous blood transfusions, alcoholism, a drugs abuse in addition and use of sterile sharp objects.
Alucho is an Intern with The Tide
Lovelyn Alucho
Opinion
Wike VS Soldier’s Altercation: Matters Arising
The events that unfolded in Abuja on Tuesday November 11, 2025 between the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Chief Nyesom Wike and a detachment of soldiers guarding a disputed property, led by Adams Yerima, a commissioned Naval Officer, may go down as one of the defining images of Nigeria’s democratic contradictions. It was not merely a quarrel over land. It was a confrontation between civil authority and the military legacy that still hovers over our national life.
Nyesom Wike, fiery and fearless as always, was seen on video exchanging words with a uniformed officer who refused to grant him passage to inspect a parcel of land alleged to have been illegally acquired. The minister’s voice rose, his temper flared, and the soldier, too, stood his ground, insisting on his own authority. Around them, aides, security men, and bystanders watched, stunned, as two embodiments of the Nigerian state clashed in the open.
The images spread fast, igniting debates across drawing rooms, beer parlours, and social media platforms. Some hailed Wike for standing up to military arrogance; others scolded him for perceived disrespect to the armed forces. Yet beneath the noise lies a deeper question about what sort of society we are building and whether power in Nigeria truly understands the limits of its own reach.
It is tragic that, more than two decades into civil rule, the relationship between the civilian arm of government and the military remains fragile and poorly understood. The presence of soldiers in a land dispute between private individuals and the city administration is, by all civic standards, an aberration. It recalls a dark era when might was right, and uniforms conferred immunity against accountability.
Wike’s anger, even if fiery, was rooted in a legitimate concern: that no individual, however connected or retired, should deploy the military to protect personal interests. That sentiment echoes the fundamental democratic creed that the law is supreme, not personalities. If his passion overshot decorum, it was perhaps a reflection of a nation weary of impunity.
On the other hand, the soldier in question is a symbol of another truth: that discipline, respect for order, and duty to hierarchy are ingrained in our armed forces. He may have been caught between conflicting instructions one from his superiors, another from a civilian minister exercising his lawful authority. The confusion points not to personal failure but to institutional dysfunction.
It is, therefore, simplistic to turn the incident into a morality play of good versus evil.
*********”**** What happened was an institutional embarrassment. Both men represented facets of the same failing system a polity still learning how to reconcile authority with civility, law with loyalty, and service with restraint.
In fairness, Wike has shown himself as a man of uncommon courage. Whether in Rivers State or at the FCTA, he does not shy away from confrontation. Yet courage without composure often feeds misunderstanding. A public officer must always be the cooler head, even when provoked, because the power of example outweighs the satisfaction of winning an argument.
Conversely, soldiers, too, must be reminded that their uniforms do not place them above civilian oversight. The military exists to defend the nation, not to enforce property claims or intimidate lawful authorities. Their participation in purely civil matters corrodes the image of the institution and erodes public trust.
One cannot overlook the irony: in a country where kidnappers roam highways and bandits sack villages, armed men are posted to guard contested land in the capital. It reflects misplaced priorities and distorted values. The Nigerian soldier, trained to defend sovereignty, should not be drawn into private or bureaucratic tussles.
Sycophancy remains the greatest ailment of our political culture. Many of those who now cheer one side or the other do so not out of conviction but out of convenience. Tomorrow they will switch allegiance. True patriotism lies not in defending personalities but in defending principles. A people enslaved by flattery cannot nurture a culture of justice.
The Nigerian elite must learn to submit to the same laws that govern the poor. When big men fence off public land and use connections to shield their interests, they mock the very constitution they swore to uphold. The FCT, as the mirror of national order, must not become a jungle where only the powerful can build.
The lesson for Wike himself is also clear: power is best exercised with calmness. The weight of his office demands more than bravery; it demands statesmanship. To lead is not merely to command, but to persuade — even those who resist your authority.
Equally, the lesson for the armed forces is that professionalism shines brightest in restraint. Obedience to illegal orders is not loyalty; it is complicity. The soldier who stands on the side of justice protects both his honour and the dignity of his uniform.
The Presidency, too, must see this episode as a wake-up call to clarify institutional boundaries. If soldiers can be drawn into civil enforcement without authorization, then our democracy remains at risk of subtle militarization. The constitution must speak louder than confusion.
The Nigerian public deserves better than spectacles of ego. We crave leaders who rise above emotion and officers who respect civilian supremacy. Our children must not inherit a nation where authority means shouting matches and intimidation in public glare.
Every democracy matures through such tests. What matters is whether we learn the right lessons. The British once had generals who defied parliament; the Americans once fought over states’ rights; Nigeria, too, must pass through her own growing pains but with humility, not hubris.
If the confrontation has stirred discomfort, then perhaps it has done the nation some good. It forces a conversation long overdue: Who truly owns the state — the citizen or the powerful? Can we build a Nigeria where institutions, not individuals, define our destiny?
As the dust settles, both the FCTA and the military hierarchy must conduct impartial investigations. The truth must be established — not to shame anyone, but to restore order. Where laws were broken, consequences must follow. Where misunderstandings occurred, apologies must be offered.
Let the rule of law triumph over the rule of impulse. Let civility triumph over confrontation. Let governance return to the path of dialogue and procedure.
Nigeria cannot continue to oscillate between civilian bravado and military arrogance. Both impulses spring from the same insecurity — the fear of losing control. True leadership lies in the ability to trust institutions to do their work without coercion.
Those who witnessed the clash saw a drama of two gladiators. One in starched khaki, one in well-cut suit. Both proud, both unyielding. But a nation cannot be built on stubbornness; it must be built on understanding. Power, when it meets power, should produce order, not chaos.
We must resist the temptation to glorify temper. Governance is not warfare; it is stewardship. The citizen watches, the world observes, and history records. How we handle moments like this will define our collective maturity.
The confrontation may have ended without violence, but it left deep questions in the national conscience. When men of authority quarrel in the open, institutions tremble. The people, once again, become spectators in a theatre of misplaced pride.
It is time for all who hold office — civilian or military — to remember that they serve under the same flag. That flag is neither khaki nor political colour; it is green-white-green, and it demands humility.
No victor, no vanquish only a lesson for a nation still learning to govern itself with dignity.
By; King Onunwor
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