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Elechi Amadi: A Realist Goes Home

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Born in Mbodo in Aluu in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State at a time, period and dispensation when different cultures in different geographical locations and clime were suffocating and reeling from the corrosive Western influences and the struggle against colonialism, social and cultural imperialism, Amadi’s native Mbodo remained flagrantly defiant, impregnable and sacrosanct.

Unlike his pen and pencil contemporaries, Elechi Amadi did not only grow up with the hawk and eagle eyes, but also grew with the scientific microscopic examination and statistical analysis of events and happenings around him. Suffice to say that while his “Ukwu” (Age-Grades) of Mbodo were irresistibly on the seamy side of life as depicted in his trilogy, the destiny-boy, so to speak at this time, decided to go to school to study Physics and Mathematics despite all odds.

But then, the budding latent talent held sway in him and his first novel “The Concubine” which of course happens to be his magnum-opus, came into being. Students of African Literature in diaspora and sub-Saharan Africa tell us that Elechi Amadi’s” The Concubine” is the only African novel that captured and showcased a typical African rural life and rural setting. Also on the trot came “The Great Ponds”, “The’Slave”, “Sunset in Biafra” his war memoir and a plethora of literary genre followed to his credit.

Some literary critics and analysts in and outside Nigeria, the continent of Africa, including the enormously popular British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), while conducting a review on “The Concubine” had, however, posited that the novel is a work on fiction, but they err, in view of the obvious fact that what Captain Elechi Amadi saw with his eagle eyes and penciled down to his wide audience, avid and voracious readers, are still living and contending with us even as I write this epic tribute, namely ­the negative attributes of supernatural evil forces and the sheer human follies of greed, jealousy, envy, lust, selfishness, vaulting ambition, unnatural hate or hatred if you like.

The foil, antagonist and flat character typified by Madume in the novel brings to the fore the whole truth of the matter. Madume became a tool, an instrument of fate in the hands of the sea-king or god. Since he could not have Ihuoma as a wife, he became jealous and envious of her husband-Emenike- and consequently squared up with him. Although, Emenike died in the unfolding drama and episode, the coast was not still clear for Madume to marry the alluring village belle, alpha, nymphet and beauty queen. Subsequent attempts and advances made by him were futile and proved abortive. Madume also died and was buried with his recurrent dreams and negative influences.

Is it not for these odious reasons and negative influences and attributes that politicians are plundering and looting our treasury and carting away our oil money into foreign lands? Contract awards are not executed speedily and most times abandoned completely. Salaries of workers are not paid and on time. Paradoxically, we are in a· country blessed with the abundance of human and material resources, yet the rich are flaunting their wealth and living in the lap of luxury while the poor are famishing on the streets and picking their wintry faggot from the thorn.

Other sectors of the economy are no exception in this regard. Hospitals, schools, examining bodies, banks, the military, the para-military, power and energy, our penal and legal systems to mention but a few are at present bursting and bulging at the seams.

In the case of Elechi Amadi’s “The Concubine”, the invisible supernatural sea-king was primarily and ultimately responsible for the catalogue of deaths recorded in the novel as we are made to understand in the falling action and denouement.

But who is responsible for the country’s economic woes, stagnation and myriads of social vices staring the people in the face today -such as-armed robbery, kidnapping, rape, cultism, rising unemployment and inflation? Others include, hunger, poverty, malnutrition, prostitution and miscegenation, the chasm between the rich and poor and fatal deadly tropical diseases ravaging the land. What a faux pas!

Going by his personality profile and biography, Amadi had every opportunity to enrich himself, his immediate family, stack away money in foreign banks, build estates in Port Harcourt, Lagos, Abuja, Ghana, South Africa, become a casanova like some of our legislators and university lecturers, and of course buy houses in London and Dubai, but he could not, rather he trodded on the path of moral rectitude and honour and spent quantum parts of his lifetime at his Mbodo village in Aluu up to his ears writing as a sideline. “A little that a ‘righteous man has is better than the riches of many wicked”, so says the sage and psalmist in the Holy Bible.

Elechi Amadi’s career profiling has it that he was first-a Commissioner for Education and later Permanent Secretary in the same Ministry. Second, Commissioner -Ministry of Lands and Housing, Chairman – Rivers State Scholarship Board, Dean – Faculty of Arts in the upgraded College of Education, Rumuolumeni, Port Harcourt, Sole Administrator ­Port Harcourt, Rivers State and a Captain in the army during the thirty month internecine war between Nigeria and Biafra. Perhaps, it would be an element of self parody if there is a wall of silence over his leadership prowess in championing the cause of Ogbakor-Ikwerre – a socio-cultural group or organization.

The group under him witnessed tremendous changes, came to limelight and reached its acme and apogee of greatness. If I may ask a fundamental question at this juncture, what on earth could have precluded this realist, this idealist, this literary colossus and guru, this unassuming philosopher of Ikwerre extraction from amassing wealth and making fast quick mega bucks and talk like the rich fool in the Bible who forgot that “we brought nothing into this world and it is certain we can carry nothing out?” Succinctly put and indeed, Elechi Amadi’s philosophy of life is a pointer to the biblical injunction that we are pilgrims and strangers on the earth.

In projecting and portraying the culture, customs and traditions of his people, Amadi’s works of literature speak volumes and are of a truth living oracles to this assertion. This was made possible by the skilful and artistic infusion of Ikwerre proverbs, adages and wise sayings in’ his novels and plays. “Isiburu Ekperi,” for example, is a play depicting the rich cultural heritage of Ikwerre ethnic origin or background. Even as I write, the annual wrestling festival which usually comes up in the second half of the year is still being celebrated with fanfare, elation, pomp and pageantry amongst various communities in Aluu and Ikwerre land as an entity.

“Death is inevitable, an appointment and a necessary end”. According to William Shakespeare, “it will come when it will come.” It has come for Captain Elechi Amadi and regrettably “Ikwerre Agwuru Asa Notu” will miss him. Friends, relatives, family members, colleagues, fellow countrymen, his audience, Africa and the entire world will miss him so dearly as he joins his counterparts and men of timber and calibre in the literary arena ­Senator Obi Wali and Chief Okogbule Wonodi of blessed memories. Nevertheless, that he lived and died naturally having fulfilled his destiny on earth is indisputable. This is our consolation and hope that another Elechi Amadi, another Obi Wali and another Okogbule Wonodi will emerge from the same native soil and fill the vacuum created by the icy cold hands of death. Otherwise, finding another replacement would be a tall order and a tall story.

Good night Captain Elechi Amadi.

Owhorji wrote from Omademe.

 

Christian Owhorji

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Poor Federal Roads: The Oshiomhole’s  Outburst

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Quote:”Although the Federal Ministry of Works is responsible for road construction and rehabilitation while the Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA) oversees maintenance, road maintenance has consistently taken a back seat”

The recent outburst by the lawmaker representing Edo North Senatorial District, Senator Adams Oshiomhole, over the deplorable condition of federal roads in Edo and Delta states has once again drawn national attention to one of Nigeria’s most persistent infrastructure challenges. During Senate plenary last Wednesday, Oshiomhole criticized the Minister of Works, David Umahi, accusing the Federal Ministry of Works of neglecting major federal highways in Edo and Delta while prioritizing new road projects. According to him, the government should focus on rehabilitating existing roads that have become impassable before embarking on new construction. He identified the Benin-Warri, Benin-Asaba, Benin-Auchi and Auchi-Okene highways as strategic economic corridors that have deteriorated to alarming levels, making travel difficult for commuters and motorists while increasing the cost of transporting goods and services.

The senator also alleged that road projects affecting Edo and Delta states were repeatedly omitted from budgetary provisions and that some interventions were only undertaken following directives from President Bola Tinubu. Ironically, the Federal Government has consistently reiterated its commitment to reconstructing and rehabilitating federal roads across the country. The Minister of Works has repeatedly assured Nigerians that the government is deploying reinforced concrete technology to build more durable highways capable of withstanding the country’s climatic conditions. Despite these assurances, vast sections of federal road across the country remain in deplorable condition. The consequences are enormous. Federal highways serve as the backbone of the nation’s economy, carrying more than 90 per cent of passengers and freight.

They connect ports, airports, industrial centres, state capitals and agricultural belts, facilitating the movement of food, fuel, cement and manufactured goods. When these roads fail, the entire economy suffers. Although the Federal Ministry of Works is responsible for road construction and rehabilitation while the Federal Roads Maintenance Agency (FERMA) oversees maintenance, road maintenance has consistently taken a back seat. The result is a recurring cycle in which newly completed roads quickly deteriorate while existing ones are left to collapse. The economic consequences are severe. Bad roads increase transportation costs, contribute to food inflation, delay the movement of goods from ports to markets, increase vehicle maintenance expenses and lead to avoidable road crashes that claim countless lives every year.

To address these challenges, the Federal Government has introduced initiatives such as the Highway Development and Management Initiative (HDMI), which seeks to attract private investment into road maintenance through concessions and tolling. While the initiative holds promise, public acceptance will depend largely on visible improvements in road quality and transparent management of toll revenues. Similarly, the Road Infrastructure Tax Credit Scheme is designed to encourage companies to finance the reconstruction of strategic highways in exchange for tax credits. While the scheme has shown promise, its ability to address road infrastructure challenges equitably across the country remains to be seen. Other countries facing similar infrastructure challenges have demonstrated that sustainable road management requires a different approach.

Rwanda and Morocco, for instance, have prioritized dedicated road maintenance funds, performance-based contracts that reward quality rather than kilometers constructed, and policies that allocate a significant proportion of road budgets to maintenance instead of new construction. Nigeria can draw useful lessons from these experiences. Maintenance funding should be increased and protected because preventive maintenance is far cheaper than complete reconstruction. Public-private partnerships should be expanded with adequate safeguards, transparent tolling policies and independent monitoring. Development finance institutions should support contractors with affordable financing to minimize disruptions caused by delayed government payments. Road designs should withstand heavier rainfall and flooding, while compensation and right-of-way issues must be resolved before projects begin to avoid unnecessary delays.

FERMA should also prioritize durable, high-quality road maintenance over the shoddy repairs that have become all too common. Ultimately, Nigerians are not asking for perfect roads; they simply want roads that are safe, durable and properly maintained. While new highways are desirable, a well-maintained five-kilometer stretch is often far more valuable to road users than a much longer road that quickly falls into disrepair. The media, civil society, the National Assembly and Nigerians must continue to hold the government accountable by monitoring road projects and demanding better results. Good roads are not a privilege but a right of every citizen. With tax credit schemes, concessions and other funding mechanisms already in place, what is now required is political will, transparency and consistent implementation. However, Senator Oshiomhole’s criticism also invites legitimate public reflection. 

Many Nigerians have asked what the condition of these same federal roads was during his eight-year tenure as Governor of Edo State. Several governors, including those of Rivers State at different times, undertook repairs on critical federal roads within their states and subsequently sought reimbursement from the Federal Government. It is therefore fair to ask whether similar interventions were pursued during Oshiomhole’s administration. Public officials, whether serving or former, should be judged by the same standard. Constructive criticism is essential in a democracy, but it carries greater weight when matched by a demonstrable record of action. Nigerians expect those entrusted with public office to address pressing challenges while they have the authority to do so, rather than becoming vocal critics only after leaving office

By:  Calista Ezeaku
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Sacrificing Humanity for Politics? 

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“Politics is temporary, but humanity is permanent. No politician is worth sacrificing genuine friendships, family bonds, or peaceful coexistence.””Politics is temporary, but humanity is permanent”.

Every election season leaves behind more than ballot papers and campaign posters. It often leaves broken friendships, divided families, fractured communities, and hearts filled with resentment. In the heat of political competition, many people forget a simple but profound truth: politics is temporary, but humanity is permanent. Across our communities, it has become increasingly common to see people sever lifelong relationships simply because they support different political parties or candidates. Individuals who once shared meals, celebrated milestones, and stood by each other during difficult times suddenly become strangers not because they committed any personal offence, but because they exercised their democratic right to think differently. This growing trend should concern every citizen. Politics is designed to provide leadership, shape public policy, and improve society.

It was never intended to become a weapon for destroying relationships or creating permanent enemies. When politics begins to erode our humanity, it ceases to serve its true purpose. A democratic society thrives on diversity of thought. Every citizen possesses the constitutional right to support any political party, candidate, or ideology without fear of intimidation or hatred. Political disagreement is not a crime; rather, it is evidence that democracy is alive and functioning. The true measure of political maturity is not our ability to silence opposing voices but our willingness to respect them. Unfortunately, many people have mistaken political loyalty for personal hostility. Instead of debating ideas, they attack personalities. Instead of discussing policies, they spread insults and misinformation. Instead of building bridges, they construct walls of bitterness.

Such behaviour weakens not only our relationships but also the democratic values we claim to defend. The reality is simple: elections are temporary. Political offices have fixed tenures. Governments change. Political alliances shift. Today’s political rivals may become tomorrow’s allies, while today’s allies may become tomorrow’s opponents. History has repeatedly demonstrated that politicians who once exchanged harsh words eventually sit together at negotiation tables in pursuit of shared interests. Yet ordinary citizens often remain trapped in unnecessary hatred long after political leaders have reconciled.This reality offers an important lesson. No politician should be worth sacrificing genuine friendships, family bonds, or peaceful coexistence. Political support should never require personal hatred. We can campaign passionately for our preferred candidates while still respecting those who choose differently.

Democracy flourishes when disagreement remains civil. One of the most dangerous habits in politics is inheriting other people’s enemies. Far too often, supporters adopt the personal conflicts of political leaders as though they were their own. People who have never met begin insulting one another on social media, damaging relationships, and sometimes engaging in violence simply because influential figures disagree.Such misplaced loyalty serves no meaningful purpose. Political leaders often possess the opportunity to reconcile, negotiate, and move forward after elections. Their supporters, however, are frequently left with damaged relationships, regret, and lasting divisions within their communities. Wisdom demands that citizens distinguish between political competition and personal relationships. Rather than inheriting hostility, we should cultivate independent judgment.

Judge individuals by their character, integrity, honesty, and personal conduct not merely by the colour of the political party they support. A person’s political affiliation does not automatically define their values, competence, or humanity. Equally important is the need to elevate the quality of our political conversations. Instead of engaging in personal attacks, we should focus on issues that genuinely affect people’s lives. Discussions should revolve around education, healthcare, infrastructure, security, economic growth, employment, agriculture, and accountable governance. These are the matters that determine the future of our nation not endless exchanges of insults. Social media has further amplified political intolerance. Behind anonymous profiles and smartphone screens, many people say things they would never express in person.

Every post, comment, and shared message has the potential either to promote understanding or to deepen division. Responsible citizenship requires restraint, accuracy, and respect, especially during politically sensitive periods. Politics should inspire service, not hostility. Leadership should unite rather than divide. Citizens should be free to disagree without becoming enemies. After all, beyond our political preferences, we remain neighbours, colleagues, business partners, classmates, worshippers, and fellow citizens who share the same hopes for peace, prosperity, justice, and national development. As another political season approaches, let us remember what truly matters. Campaigns will end. Elections will pass. Winners will celebrate, and losers will regroup. But the relationships we preserve, the respect we extend, and the humanity we uphold will remain long after the campaign slogans have faded.

The greatest victory in politics is not defeating an opponent at the polls; it is preserving our values while participating in democracy. Let us choose dialogue over division, understanding over intolerance, and respect over hatred. Above all, let us never forget this timeless principle: Politics should never be more important than humanity. And perhaps the wisest political advice anyone can embrace is this: Never inherit people’s enemies. In doing so, we preserve not only our relationships but also the very spirit of democracy itself.

By: Michael T. Abraham

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Opinion

Making the Out-of-School Children Survey Count 

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Quote: “Reliable data may reveal the scale of Nigeria’s out-of-school crisis, but only sustained political will and practical action can ensure that every child is given the opportunity to learn, thrive and contribute to national development.”

The Minister of Education, Dr. Tunji Alausa, recently announced that the Federal Government, in partnership with the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), will conduct a nationwide household survey to determine the actual number of out-of-school children in Nigeria. The exercise is intended to provide reliable data for evidence-based education policies and targeted interventions. Current estimates put the number of out-of-school children at between 15 million and 20 million, placing Nigeria among the countries with the highest number of children excluded from formal education. At first glance, this is a commendable initiative. One of Nigeria’s greatest developmental challenges has been the absence of accurate and reliable data. Without dependable statistics, planning becomes difficult, implementation inefficient, and evaluation of government programmes almost impossible.

The nation’s actual population also remains uncertain because of the absence of an up-to-date national census. Estimates range from below 200 million to over 250 million, making effective planning a daunting task. Sound policies on education, healthcare, housing, employment and infrastructure all depend on credible population statistics. Against this backdrop, the proposed survey deserves commendation. If government succeeds in generating reliable figures, it will be better positioned to allocate resources equitably, identify areas of greatest need and design interventions based on facts rather than assumptions. Accurate data will also make it easier to monitor progress and assess whether efforts to reduce the number of out-of-school children are achieving the desired results.

However, beyond the good intentions lie important questions. Will state governments provide the enabling environment for an objective and transparent survey? Since education is on the concurrent legislative list, the cooperation of state governments will largely determine the credibility of the exercise. Politics could easily influence the process. States with higher numbers of out-of-school children may qualify for greater intervention funds from the Federal Government and development partners. Would this tempt some states to inflate their figures? On the other hand, high numbers could portray a state government as performing poorly in the education sector. Would some governors therefore seek to understate the figures to protect their image? These concerns are legitimate because whenever statistics are tied to political interests or financial benefits, the temptation to manipulate them cannot be ignored.

Equally important are questions about the survey itself. When will it begin? How long will it last? What methodology will be adopted? Will every household be covered, including those in remote rural communities and areas plagued by insecurity? Does the government have the manpower, funding, technology and security arrangements needed for such a nationwide exercise? Nigeria has witnessed several well-intentioned national programmes that fell short because of poor planning and inadequate logistics. Many Nigerians will remember that the proposed national population census scheduled a few years ago was postponed despite extensive preparations. Funding constraints and logistical challenges contributed to its suspension. What guarantees are there that this survey will not suffer a similar fate? More importantly, what becomes of the findings after the exercise? Nigeria is not short of reports or data collection initiatives.

The recurring challenge has been the lack of political will to translate findings into concrete policies and sustained action. The survey must not become another document gathering dust on government shelves. Instead, it should serve as the basis for measurable interventions, continuous monitoring and improved educational outcomes. Beyond producing accurate figures, the survey must also uncover the reasons children remain outside the classroom. Addressing the crisis requires more than counting affected children. It demands an understanding of the social, economic and cultural factors responsible for the problem. Issues such as the Almajiri system and other practices that discourage formal education should be carefully examined while respecting cultural values and protecting every child’s right to quality education. Poverty remains a major barrier, as many parents cannot afford school-related expenses, forcing children into street trading or child labour

Insecurity has also led to the closure of schools in several communities, depriving thousands of children of learning opportunities.Government must therefore complement the survey with practical measures. Strengthening social protection for vulnerable families, improving school infrastructure, recruiting and retaining qualified teachers, enhancing security around schools and enforcing compulsory basic education are all essential. Equally important is sustained collaboration with traditional rulers, religious leaders, civil society organisations and development partners to address the root causes of school exclusion. The proposed survey presents an opportunity to replace guesswork with credible evidence. However, its true value will not be measured by the number of households visited or questionnaires completed. Its success will depend on whether the findings inspire bold policies, adequate funding and sustained action that ensure every Nigerian child, regardless of location or background, has access to quality education. Only then will the exercise move beyond statistics to become a genuine instrument for national development.

By: Calista Ezeaku

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