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2011And Nigeria’s Oil Industry

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The year 2011 witnessed a very stormy weather that is yet to be cleared in the oil/gas and energy sector. Although the year came with great hopes and benefits as the President Goodluck Jonathan –led administration ensured that petroleum products and power supply were available for the people.

However, the controversial issue of removal of fuel subsidy beclouded scenario which is yet to be resolved or settled as Nigerians are not yet convinced as to how the funds saved from the subsidy will be used.

More than 50 years ago, Nigeria began to witness oil exploration and exploitation, which is being sustained till date. As the years roll by one is moved to reflect on the development of the oil and energy sector of the nation’s economy.

The uncommon  fast  movement or shift from agriculture to petroleum has enveloped the country and the gamble of the adventure is now paying off. The country is eventually achieving the great success of its life in the oil and energy sector. The satisfaction and fulfillment the nation is  enjoying are mainly derived from oil and gas her God-given resources.

It is, however, one’s waning regrets that the sector is experiencing a seeming  down shift due to managerial ineptitude. It was the oil and gas as well as energy success that made the country a cynosure of the world. The relative peace in the Niger Delta in 2011 created a suitable  environment for oil companies to increase their outputs of crude oil production.

The year 2011 recorded some paradigm shifts from what obtained in the past. The Federal Government took measures toward the implementation of reforms in the oil-gas and power industries during the year.

In partnership with joint venture oil companies,  there were renewed  efforts at creating improved and sustainable community relations with host communities of oil-producing Niger Delta region to enhance oil production after the amnesty programme was put in place for former militants that terrorised the region.

For the first time, the government mustered courage and the will to privatise the power sector by handing over two power generation plants to private investors. It also went into some collaboration to explore development of the gas sector in a manner that would retain substantial value in the country. Although the impact of some of the decisions  government took currently may not have been  felt, operators are of the opinion that such steps were bold enough to bring a change in the oil/gas and energy sector.

Upstream

The inability of the National Assembly to pass the Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) into law was a major setback in implementation of the reform in the upstream sector of the petroleum industry. Despite efforts of the executive arm of the government to persuade the National  Assembly to pass the bill into law before the last general elections, the legislators sat on it and unit now, its passage is not in sight.

Most of the reforms expected in the upstream sector and their implementation processes are tied to the bill, hence further investments in the sector seemed to be at a standstill. Exploration activities last year were almost at zero  level as international oil companies (IOCs) were skeptical over embarking on exploration as the PIB on passage into law might be very unfavourable since inputs in the bill became contentious, especially the fiscal regime and the issues on acreage development,  which after several meetings between government and the IOCs, remained unresolved. The IOCs claim that the fiscal aspects of the bill, if passed into law in the current state, would make exploration and production business very unprofitable.

However, oil production improved last year on the heels of sustained amnesty programme of the government, rising to 2.4 million barrels per day, though the country was depending on importation of petrol. The development brought back Nigeria to its position as number one producer in Africa.

In 2011, Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) embarked on routine maintenance of the Bonga Floating, Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessel, which is used to produce oil from shell’s biggest oil field, Bonga field in Oil Mining License (OML) 118 with daily oil production in excess of 200,000 barrels. The Bonga FPSO was shut down in compliance with the requirement for maintenance. Also last year, Shell Nigeria  Exploration and Production Company Limited (SNEPCo) found the source of oil leak from its Bonga asset offshore Nigeria.

Shell successfully sold its asset in Oil Mining License (OML.40) out of four blocks, which have been put on sale since 2010. Elcrest, a consortium of two firms comprising Eland and Starcrest emerged the preferred bidder for the oil blocks. Sale of Blocks 30, 34  and 42 is still being discussed with potential buyers.

Last year, the Nigeria National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and its joint venture partners, Shell, Nigeria Agip Oil company (NAOC), Total and ConocoPhillips, agreed to resume the execution of Bisemi – Samnabri Utilisation and unit Operating Agreement (UUOA), which was originally signed 19 years ago. The MOU would serve as a boost to the Gas Revolution  Agenda. This agreement represents a significant step in the drive to support federal government’s (gas based) economic development aspiration as well as gas supply plan to facilitate investment decision on Brass LNG. The handover of operatorship of Egbema, Egbema-West and Ugada fields to the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC), a subsidiary of NNPC, was completed also last year. The move was designed to further build up capacity of NPDC as a national upsetream company.

Downstream

The downstream operation, particularly the products marketing sector was substantially stable as the government and other operators of the sector were able to sustain supply and check scarcity. Besides insignificant scarcity occurrence in the first quarter of last year, which did not last a day, the  market was flooded with petroleum products, although almost 100 percent of the supply was import – dependent.

The independent Petroleum Marketers Association of Nigeria (IPMAN), a major stakeholder in the downstrcan  operation, early last year, had a problem within itself and got factionalised. One group pulled out from the company, NIPCO, where it has equity stakes and chose capital oil and gas limited as its base for receipt of products and conduct of other transactions.

Contrary to reports that politically –induced violence and anticipated resumption of militant attacks might adversely affect oil production last year, NNPC ensured that oil and gas industry operations and oil output were stable and improved upon, shooting production up to 2.3 million barrels per day (bpd) after dropping to a low of 1.7 million bpd in mid – 2009.

A British High Court last year in London ordered the Shell Petroleum Development Company to pay compensation of more than $250 million ($410 million) to Bodo community in Rivers State after the company admitted liability for two oil spills in the community. Shell acknowledged that the two spills in 2008, were caused by operational failure.

In 2011, the statistician –General of the Federation said last year’s third quarter Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined from 7.86 per cent in 2010 to 7.40 per cent and attributed the 0.46 per cent decline in growth to a fall in oil production by 0.34 percent in the third quarter as opposed to 5.08 percent in 2010.

Crude oil production with its associated gas component, for example, fell from 2.49 million barrels per day (mbpd) on average in the second quarter of 2011 to 2.36 mbpd on average in the third quarter. The drop in crude oil production in 2011 was as a result of operational constraints experienced by some of the major oil producers during the period under review.

In the third quarter of 2011, the organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) agreed that first new production limit in three years in a deal that settled a six-month-old argument over output levels in Saudi Arabua’s favour. OPEC agreed a new supply target of 30 million barrels per day, which is roughly in line with current production.

The agreement caps output for all 12 OPEC members for the first half of the year, keeping supply near three-year highs, which is enough to build lean global inventories. When OPEC met in June last year, it failed to reach all agreement on higher supplies, leaving Saudi Arabia free to open the taps to compensate for lost Libyan supply.

Midstream

The Federal Government had in 2010 through NNPC agreed to partner with China State Construction Engineering Corporation (CSCEC), state governments of Lagos, Kogi and Bayelsa for the construction and operation of Greenfield Refinery in the three States. The refineries were designed to have a combined refining capacity of about 750,000 barrels per day, employ about 7,000 workers and planned to be jointly financed by NNPC, the state governments where they would be sited and the Chinese firms.

The government aggressively spearheaded moves for the take-off of the project in first quarter of last year but throughout the year, nothing was heard of the project until in October when the president in his Independence anniversary broadcast reiterated the federal government determination to build three new refineries. Considering the seriousness given to the project in 2010, which involved signing of MOUs and some milestones marked to be achieved within 2011, industry stakeholders and Nigerians were surprised that virtually nothing was done.

The existing refineries have been working, if at all, below 20 percent of installed capacities, although government sources said the four refineries  work at 30 percent installed capacity. The private refineries including the Rivers State Treasure Oil Resources and the Amakpe refinery in Akwa Ibom State which were billed to come on stream last year had been in the cooler throughout the year.

 

Shedie Okpara

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NSCDC’s Anti-Vandal Squad Uncovers Artisanal Refinery In Rivers Community

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The Anti-Vandal Squad of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), Rivers State Command, has uncovered yet another local refinery situated at Adobi-Akwa settlement in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State.
The State Commandant, Basil Igwebueze, disclosed this while speaking to journalists shortly after the tour of the Illegal site.
Represented by the Head, Anti-Vandal Squad, CSC Peters Ibiso, Igwebueze said the squad made the discovery following a tipp off, expressing regret that no arrest was made as the  boys fled the site upon sighting the squad.
The cammandant’s representative took the newsmen across a tick forest of about 6-7 kilometers from the main town.
The team sighted where the pipeline vandals tapped into the Well Head of yet to be ascertained multinational company, connected their galvanised pipes to several cooking pots, heat up the crude to produce Automotive Gas Oil (AGO).
In his words, “Upon receiving a tip-off, the Anti-Vandal operatives swung into action to uncover this illegal oil bunkering site. They were in this forest for two days having cordoned the area, unfortunately, the perpetrators upon sighting our men took to their heels, but investigation is still ongoing to effect the arrests of such defiant elements”.
The Anti-Vandal Unit Head further narrated the operation techniques of the operators of local illegal refineries from the point of extraction of crude through vandalism of oil pipelines to cooking in various ovens where the content is subjected to high temperature and transmitted through pipes to reservoirs for storage and onward trans- loading to buyers.
While insisting that the command would not relent in the fight against illegal dealings in petroleum products, he urged the public to have more trust in the NSCDC by providing actionable intelligence that would enhance possible arrest of economic saboteurs in the State.
“Our commitment to continuously work in tandem with the prosecutorial mandate of the corps in order to rid the State of economic saboteurs remains unchanged. We value our informants and most especially the intelligence driven tip-off received from time to time.
“It is also our duty to ensure that our source of information are not disclosed so as to protect our informants. It is therefore our delight that the public will continue to have confidence and trust in us as we together protect the nation’s critical national assets and infrastructure from dare devil vandals”, he stated.

By: Lady Godknows Ogbulu

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Oil Fund Withdrawals Suggest Extended Price Rally

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The world’s largest crude oil exchange-traded fund has bled over $2 billion in less than a year. And it i
s not due to investors finding greener pastures elsewhere with other ETFs; it is the siren call of soaring prices that is prompting this mass exodus.
The WisdomTree Brent Crude Oil exchange-traded commodity had assets under management of some $2.5 billion last summer, according to Bloomberg. Now, the publication reports, this is down to $396 million, with withdrawals accelerating over the past few days.
In that, withdrawals seem to be following price trends. Brent earlier this month topped $90 per barrel and, after a short pause earlier this week, is back above that threshold again following the latest Israeli strike on the Gaza Strip amid reports about a possible ceasefire.
While it is true that prices are currently driven higher mainly by geopolitical events, fundamentals are also at play. A growing number of forecasters are updating their predictions for benchmarks this year on expectations of resilient demand and increasingly tighter supply. And investors are following the trend.
Even those who have not sold their ETF holdings in order to invest more directly in the rally are benefitting. That same WisdomTree Brent Crude Oil ETC generated returns of over 13 percent during the first quarter of the year as opposed to an average 8.8% gain in the S&P 500.
The WisdomTree exchange-traded commodity became the world’s largest oil fund at the beginning of last year. The fund saw inflows of over $1 billion, which poured in as the deflation in oil prices that had begun in late 2022 extended into the new year. Now, the trend has reversed and it has reversed strongly.
The WisdomTree Brent Crude Oil ETC is not the only fund seeing outflows. The U.S. Oil Fund, which used to be the world’s biggest oil fund before the WisdomTree inflows last year and is now the world’s biggest oil fund once again, also saw a flurry of investor exits as benchmarks climbed higher.
According to Bloomberg, the fund’s assets under management currently stand at $1.3 billion, down from some $5 billion during the pandemic.
In further evidence that oil makes money, the Middle East is about to become the only region in the world with three trillion-dollar sovereign wealth funds. The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority is worth $993 billion, Bloomberg reported in March, while the Saudi Public Investment Fund and the Kuwait Investment Authority are breathing down its neck.
Meanwhile, investment in transition-related stocks is on the decline, according to data reported by Reuters. The S&P Global Clean Energy Index is down by 10% since the start of the year. In comparison, the S&P 500 Energy Index, which comprises Big Oil names, has gained 16.3%.
The data shows that investors are growing wary of all the promises made by transition advocates as evidence mounts that these were not based on due diligence. Wind and solar stocks suffered a crash last year when this first became clear.
Now, we are witnessing a continued awakening among investors to the challenges and the realistic potential of transition technology and alternative energy sources.
“With conventional energy having its own bull run, I think the alternative funds will struggle for the foreseeable future, and we shall see what the election brings”,  the Managing Director of capital markets at Phoenix Capital Group Holdings told Reuters.
The comment summarizes the challenging situation for alternative energy investment and highlights the rebound of interest in oil and gas, much to the chagrin of decision-makers on both sides of the Atlantic.
In both Europe and the U.S., things can get even worse for the transition after the respective elections—in June for European Parliament and in November for U.S. President. It will certainly be an interesting year in energy.
Slav writes for oilprice.

By: Irina Slav

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CNG Initiative: FG Targets 25,000 Jobs, $2.5bn Investment 

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The Programme Director and Chief Executive, Presidential Compressed Natural Gas Initiatives, Michael Oluwagbemi, has announced the Federal Government’s plan to target over 25,000 jobs and $2.5 billion worth of investment by 2027.
Oluwagbemi made this known during the Presidential CNG stakeholders’ engagement workshop held at BOVAS Auto-Gas Filling Stations, Ajibode Bus-Stop, in Ibadan, Oyo State capital, at the weekend.
He stated that the initiative, which was part of palliative measures to ease the burden of the removal of fuel subsidy, would attract enormous investment and job creation as well as impact positively on the lives of Nigerians.
Meanwhile, he called on Nigerians to embrace the new initiatives by the Federal Government as part of palliatives to cushion the effect of the removal of fuel subsidy in the country.
“On October 1, 2023, when the President gave his speech, he announced that the Presidential CNG initiatives are going to be rolled out as part of palliatives on the removal of fuel subsidy.
“One of our major concerns is to make sure that the transition for the transportation sector is a cheaper, safer, and more reliable source of energy.
“In the coming weeks, we are going to be announcing the conversion incentives programme which will enable Nigerians currently using PMS and Diesel fuel vehicles to be able to convert their vehicles at designated places across the country at a discounted price based on certain pre-qualification under the palliative programme of the Federal Government”, he said.
On the value chain of the initiative, Oluwagbemi explained that the Federal Ministry of Finance is acquiring tricycles and buses that would be assembled and manufactured in Nigeria, with more than five automobile firms being activated.
“The value chain of the programme starts with every one of us. From the point of converting your vehicle, you have created the demand for natural gas.
“If your vehicle is converted by technicians and refuelled by autogas workshops across the country, then you are creating jobs for civil engineers and technicians. You’re creating jobs for the upstream in terms of upstream activities associated with oil and gas.
“And in line with the programme, the Federal Ministry of Finance is acquiring a number of tricycles and buses that will be assembled and manufactured in Nigeria. More than five of our automobile firms have been activated. So, you can see that in terms of job creation, the opportunities for Nigerians are enormous.
“The President has said we need to convert one million vehicles by 2027. We need 1,000 conversion shops and we need over 3,000 filing stations just like this. You can imagine the level of investment required for this.
“In order to sustain one million vehicle conversions by 2027, we need 25,000 technicians. So, the job creation potential is an opportunity for job creation in addition to our gross domestic product, $2.5 billion worth of investment to be mobilised in the next four years and of course more than $25 billion added to our GDP”, he said.
Oluwagbemi further called on Nigerians to embrace the new initiatives by the Federal Government as part of palliatives to cushion the effect of the removal of fuel subsidy in the country.
The representative of BOVAS Filling Station, a private investor in the Presidential CNG Initiatives, Temitope Samson, said, “We have worked with the regulators, we are also working with the Presidential Initiatives on CNG to make sure that standard safety is adhered to. We have also worked with the Standard Organisation of Nigeria to ensure that we have a standard accepted internationally.
“Our role is to ensure that there is availability of CNG across the nation, and to also ensure we have enough kits and tanks that are converted for people to use as many as possible, and to ensure safety and to train others so that anywhere they get to, they have very safe conversion”.
Recall that last year, President Bola Tinubu approved the Presidential Compressed Natural Gas initiative(PCNG-i)
This initiative aims to not only introduce more than 11,500 new CNG-enabled vehicles and provide 55,000 CNG conversion kits for existing vehicles that depend on Premium Motor Spirit but also promote local manufacturing, assembly, and job creation.

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