Opinion
Of Portugal And Angolan Petrodollars
The following is an interesting and cautionary tale for investors looking at relatively “stable” Old Europe and Africa, seemingly mired in perennial crisis.
Since last year, the Portuguese government has been heavily lobbying its former colony, Angola to invest its petrodollars there as the nation struggles to comply with the terms of a $99billion financial rescue package. For 500 years, Angola was Portugal’s biggest and richest African colony, with huge reserves of oil, gas and diamonds.
The event marks something unique in world history since Columbus first set sail, ushering in centuries of European colonial domination – reverse colonisation by an African country of its former masters. Angola, which the Portuguese discovered nine years before that epochal voyage, only became independent in 1975, and immediately slid into 27 years of vicious civil war, which only ended in 2002.
So, what has happened in the intervening decade? Oil.
Lots of it – Angola is now Africa’s second largest oil exporter, exceeded only by Nigeria. Angola now exports 1.7 million barrels per day, leaving the country of 19 million awash in cash.
And, given that its economy cannot absorb such a massive infusion of petrodollars, Luanda for the last five years, has been quietly parking some of its surplus dollars in Portuguese assets.
The differences between the Portuguese and Angolan economies are striking. While this year economists predict that Portugal’s economy may contract by as much as 2.8 per cent, with unemployment soaring to 13.4 per cent, leaving 27 per cent of Portuguese youth without work, Angola’s economy is predicted to grow by up to 12 per cent.
And while in 2011 agencies downgraded Portugal’s credit rating to junk status, Mercer’s Cost of Living survey designated Angola’s capital Luanda, the most expensive city in the world for the second year in a row among the 214 cities evaluated, where a basic hotel room can cost over $450 a day.
Angolan companies now own four per cent of the firms listed on the Euronext Lisbon Stock Exchange, and, as Portugal comes under increasing pressure from both the European Union and the International Monetary Fund to sell off state-owned assets, Angola’s presence in Portugal is expected to accelerate. Setting an official seal of approval on the trend, two months ago, Portuguese Prime Minister, Pedro Passos Coelho visited Angola to encourage the former colony to invest in a Portuguese privatisation programme, and said that his government would look “very favourably” on Angolan investment in its $8.9 billion privatisation programme and other areas.
But this picture has a dark side. More than 70 per cent of Angolans live on less than $2 a day, and the massive influx of petrodollars has fuelled equally massive corruption.
Earlier this month Human Rights Watch reported that $34billion in oil revenues linked to Angola’s state oil company, Sonangol have disappeared, leading the advocacy group to demand that Angolan President, Jose Eduardo dos Santos, investigate.
The damning Human Rights Watch report is based on documentation issued in December by the International Monetary Fund, which determined that during the period 2007-2010, government funds were spent or transferred without being properly documented in the budget. The IMF noted that Sonangol has been the primary culprit for the fiscal irregularities since, at least, 2002 for losing track of billions of dollars when it “stopped channelling foreign currency receipts through the central bank as mandated by the law.”
Needless to say, the reports have brought outraged denials from President dos Santos.
So, what sectors of the Portuguese economy might Sonangol, currently the biggest investor in Portugal, corporate raiders be interested in? Sonangol is now the biggest single shareholder in Millennium BCP, one of Portugal’s largest listed banks and analysts believe that Sonangol could be eyeing the Portuguese GALP Energia energy company, of which 7 per cent is still owned by the state and which ironically discovered oil in Angola in the 1950s.
Other sectors of the Portuguese economy of potential interest to Sonangol include the nation’s banking sector, Energias de Portugual (EDP) electricity company, and perhaps, the 100 per cent state-owned national airline Transportes Aereos Portugueses, SGPS, S.A. (TAP) and the Navegacao Aerea de Portugal (NAV Portugal) airport navigation company, especially as Coelho during his visit to Angola stated that Angolan companies were “very welcome” to invest in upcoming sale of state holdings in TAP, the national airport operator ANA-Aerportos de Portugal and public transport companies.
For those interested in further developments, next Tuesday, the Portugal-Angola Chamber of Commerce and Industry (CCIP) in Lisbon will hold a dinner conference on Trade and Investment for Portuguese investors.
So, for foreign investors, what do you choose? An old European nation state teetering on the verge of bankruptcy or a rising Third World petro-state awash in both oil and corruption?
A tough call, but, as always, caveat emptor.
Dr Daly wrote this piece for Oil Price Intelligence from London.
John Daly
Opinion
Empowering Youth Through Agriculture
Quote:”While job seeking youths should continuously acquire skills and explore opportunities within their immediate environment as well as in the global space through the use of digital platforms, government, corporate/ multinational organizations or the organised private sector should generate skills and provide the enabling environment for skills acquisition, through adequate funding and resettlement packages that will provide sustainable economic life for beneficiaries”.
The Governor of Rivers State, Sir Siminalayi Fubara, recently urged youths in the Rivers State to take advantage of the vast opportunities available to become employers of labour and contribute meaningfully to the growth and development of the State. Governor Fubara noted that global trends increasingly favour entrepreneurship and innovation, and said that youths in Rivers State must not be left behind in harnessing these opportunities. The Governor, represented by the Secretary to the State Government, Dr Benibo Anabraba, made this known while declaring open the 2026 Job Fair organised by the Rivers State Government in partnership with the Nigeria Employers’ Consultative Association (NECA) in Port Harcourt. The Governor acknowledged the responsibility of government to create jobs for its teeming youth population but noted that it is unrealistic to absorb all job seekers into the civil service.
“As a government, we recognise our duty to provide employment opportunities for our teeming youths. However, we also understand that not all youths can be accommodated within the civil service. This underscores the need to encourage entrepreneurship across diverse sectors and to partner with other stakeholders, including the youths themselves, so they can transition from being job seekers to employers of labour,” he said. It is necessary to State that Governor Fubara has not only stated the obvious but was committed to drive youth entrepreneurship towards their self-reliance and the economic development of the State It is not news that developed economies of the world are skilled driven economies. The private sector also remains the highest employer of labour in private sector driven or capitalist economy though it is also the responsibility of government to create job opportunities for the teeming unemployed youth population in Nigeria which has the highest youth unemployed population in the subSahara Africa.
The lack of job opportunities, caused partly by the Federal Government’s apathy to job creation, the lack of adequate supervision of job opportunities economic programmes, lack of employable skills by many youths in the country have conspired to heighten the attendant challenges of unemployment. The challenges which include, “Japa” syndrome (travelling abroad for greener pastures), that characterises the labour market and poses threat to the nation’s critical sector, especially the health and medical sector; astronomical increase in the crime rate and a loss of interest in education. While job seeking youths should continuously acquire skills and explore opportunities within their immediate environment as well as in the global space through the use of digital platforms, government, corporate/ multinational organizations or the organised private sector should generate skills and provide the enabling environment for skills acquisition, through adequate funding and resettlement packages that will provide sustainable economic life for beneficiaries.
While commending the Rivers State Government led by the People First Governor, Sir Siminilayi Fubara for initiating “various training and capacity-building programmes in areas such as ICT and artificial intelligence, oil and gas, maritime, and the blue economy, among others”, it is note-worthy that the labour market is dynamic and shaped by industry-specific demands, technological advancements, management practices and other emerging factors. So another sector the Federal, State and Local Governments should encourage youths to explore and harness the abounding potentials, in my considered view, is Agriculture. Agriculture remains a veritable solution to hunger, inflation, and food Insecurity that ravages the country. No doubt, the Nigeria’s arable landmass is grossly under-utilised and under-exploited.
In recent times, Nigerians have voiced their concerns about the persistent challenges of hunger, inflation, and the general increase in prices of goods and commodities. These issues not only affect the livelihoods of individuals and families but also pose significant threats to food security and economic stability in the country. The United Nations estimated that more than 25 million people in Nigeria could face food insecurity this year—a 47% increase from the 17 million people already at risk of going hungry, mainly due to ongoing insecurity, protracted conflicts, and rising food prices. An estimated two million children under five are likely to be pushed into acute malnutrition. (Reliefweb ,2023). In response, Nigeria declared a state of emergency on food insecurity, recognizing the urgent need to tackle food shortages, stabilize rising prices, and protect farmers facing violence from armed groups. However, without addressing the insecurity challenges, farmers will continue to struggle to feed their families and boost food production.
In addition, parts of northwest and northeast Nigeria have experienced changes in rainfall patterns making less water available for crop production. These climate change events have resulted in droughts and land degradations; presenting challenges for local communities and leading to significant impact on food security. In light of these daunting challenges, it is imperative to address the intricate interplay between insecurity and agricultural productivity. Nigeria can work toward ensuring food security, reducing poverty, and fostering sustainable economic growth in its vital agricultural sector. In this article, I suggest solutions that could enhance agricultural production and ensure that every state scales its agricultural production to a level where it can cater to 60% of the population.
This is feasible and achievable if government at all levels are intentional driving the development of the agricultural sector which was the major economic mainstay of the Country before the crude oil was struck in commercial quantity and consequently became the nation’s monolithic revenue source. Government should revive the moribund Graduate Farmers Scheme and the Rivers State School-to-Land agricultural programmes to operate concurrently with other skills acquisition and development programmes. There should be a consideration for investment in mechanized farming and arable land allocation. State and local governments should play a pivotal role in promoting mechanized farming and providing arable land for farming in communities. Additionally, allocating arable land enables small holder farmers to expand their operations and contribute to food security at the grassroots level.
Nigeria can unlock the potential of its agricultural sector to address the pressing needs of its population and achieve sustainable development. Policymakers and stakeholders must heed Akande’s recommendations and take decisive action to ensure a food-secure future for all Nigerians.
By: Igbiki Benibo
Opinion
Of Protests And Need For Dialogue
Quote:“.Across Abuja, Anambra, and Lagos, a common thread emerges: a disconnect between authority and empathy. Government actions may follow policy logic, but citizens respond from lived experience, fear, and frustration. When these realities collide without dialogue, the streets become the arena of engagement”
It was a turbulent week in the country, highlighting the widening gap between government intentions and public perception. From Abuja to Anambra and Lagos, citizens poured into the streets not just over specific grievances but in frustration with governance that often appears heavy-handed, confrontational, or insufficiently humane. While authorities may genuinely act in the public interest, their methods sometimes aggravate tensions rather than resolve them.
In Abuja, the strike by workers of the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA) and the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA) under the Joint Union Action Committee (JUAC) brought the capital to a near standstill. Their demands included five months’ unpaid wages, hazard and rural allowances, promotion arrears, welfare packages, pension and National Housing Fund remittances, and training and career progression concerns. These are core labour issues that directly affect workers’ dignity and livelihoods. Efforts to dialogue with the FCT Minister reportedly failed. Even after a court ordered the strike to end, workers persisted, underscoring the depth of discontent. Threats and sanctions only hardened positions.
The FCT crisis shows that industrial peace cannot be enforced through coercion. Dialogue is not weakness; it is recognition that governance is about people. Meeting labour leaders, listening attentively, clarifying grey areas, and agreeing on timelines could restore trust. Honesty and negotiation are far more effective than threats.
In Anambra, protests by Onitsha Main Market traders followed the government’s closure of the market over continued observance of a Monday sit-at-home, linked to separatist agitation. Governor Chukwuma Soludo described compliance as economic sabotage, insisting Anambra cannot operate as a “four-day-a-week economy.” While the governor’s concern is understandable, threats to revoke ownership, seize, or demolish the market risk escalating tensions. Many traders comply out of fear, not ideology. Markets are social ecosystems of families, apprentices, and informal networks; heavy-handed enforcement may worsen resistance. A better approach combines persuasion, dialogue with market leaders, credible security assurances, and gradual confidence-building. Coordinated political engagement with federal authorities could also reduce regional tensions.
In Lagos, protests erupted over demolition of homes in low-income waterfront communities such as Makoko, Owode Onirin, and Oworonshoki. The state defended these actions as necessary for safety, environmental protection, and urban renewal. While objectives are legitimate, demolitions drew criticism for lack of notice, compensation, and humane resettlement. Urban development without regard for human consequences risks appearing elitist and anti-poor. Where demolitions are unavoidable, transparent engagement, fair compensation, and realistic relocation must precede action to maintain public trust and social stability.
Across Abuja, Anambra, and Lagos, a common thread emerges: a disconnect between authority and empathy. Government actions may follow policy logic, but citizens respond from lived experience, fear, and frustration. When these realities collide without dialogue, the streets become the arena of engagement.
Democracy cannot thrive on decrees, threats, or bulldozers alone. Leaders must listen as much as they command, persuade as much as they enforce. Minister Wike should see labour leaders as partners, Governor Soludo must balance firmness with sensitivity, and Lagos authorities should align urban renewal with compassion and justice. Protests are signals of communication failure. Dialogue, caution, and a human face in governance are not optional—they are necessities. Police and security agencies must respect peaceful protest as a constitutional right.
By: Calista Ezeaku
Opinion
Empowering Youth Through Agriculture
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