Politics
National Assembly And Sustainable Democracy
Conventionally, the business of modern government is conducted around three arms, namely the legislature, the executive and the judiciary. This division is inspired by the time honoured doctrine of Separation of Powers, first articulated by the ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle but made popular by the French political thinker, Baron de Monlesquieu. Writing as early as 384-322 B.C, Aristotle remarked that:
There are three elements in each constitution in respect of which every serious law giver must look for what is advantageous to it. The three are, first, the deliberative, which discusses everything of common importance; second, the officials and third, the judicial element.
This idea was what was later elaborated by Montesquieu into what we generally refer to as the doctrine of separation of powers. Writing in 1748 in De L’Epirit des Loise, Montesqueu posited that: When the legislative and Executive powers are united in the same person or in the same body of magistrates, there is no liberty. There is no liberty, if the judicial powers is not separated from the legislative and executive powers. Were it joined with the legislative powers, the life and liberty of the subjects would be. exposed to arbitrary control, for the judge would be the legislator. Were it joined with the executive power, the judge might behave with violence and oppression. There would be an end of everything were the same man or the same body to exercise these three powers.
In its basic formulation, the doctrine of separation of powers demands that the three primary functions of government namely: law making, implementation and adjudicating or interpreting -the law be entrusted into the hands of three of an over concentration of governmental powers in the hands of a few.
In line with the necessity for separation of powers, sections 4,5 and 6 of the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (CFRN) 1999 clearly stipulate the powers of the three organs of government. In what follows, we reflect on the powers of the legislature.
The legislature in Nigeria is essentially bicameral and is variously referred to as the National Assembly or Parliament. Bicameralism suggests that the National Assembly is made up of two legislative chambers an upper chamber known as the Senate and a lower chamber known as the House of Representatives. It has a total membership of 469,360 from the lower chamber and 109 from the upper chamber.
The powers of the National Assembly are stipulated in Section 4 (1-(9) of the constitution. Section 4 (2) for instance states that ‘the National Assembly shall have powers to make laws for the people, order and good government of the federation or any part thereof with respect to any matter’. Mamora (2009) categorizes the powers of the legislature into three, namely ‘expressed’, ‘implied’ and ‘assumed’ powers. Expressed powers refer to those powers of the legislature that are clearly spell out in the constitution such as lawmaking, authorisation of expenditure of public funds, creation of states etc. Implied powers refer to those powers which may not be expressly stated in the constitution but which by extension of the constitution; the legislature may, by necessary implication legislate on. These include power of arrest (section 89), power to create new ministries etc. Finally, assumed powers may be exercised by the legislature in response to a constitutional or administrative lacuna. For instance, following the failure of the, late president Yar’ Adua to duly notify the National Assembly of his incapacity arising from ill-health, the National Assembly on the basis of the interview he granted the BBC invoked the doctrine of necessity and passed a resolution’ authorising the then Vice President to assume the position of Acting President.
How well the National Assembly has played the aforementioned roles remain a subject of active popular contestation. For some, the legislature is at best a drain on national resources: given the amount of money it costs the nation to maintain the lawmakers. For instance a popular text message that was circulated in the midst of the brouhuha over the pay of legislators queried:
do you know that it costs taxpayers 290m naira yearly to maintain each member of our National Assembly in a country where nothing works & where 80% of population earn below 300 Naira? A working day earning of a senator is more than a yearly income of a doctor; It’s more than the salary of 42 Army generals or 48 professors or 70 commissioners of police or more than twice the pay of the US president or 9 times the salary of US congressmen …
Others believe that though our democracy is expensive. It is better than the pain that military rule represented. The issue for me is not between democracy and dictatorship. It is about how to sensibly remunerate our lawmakers in a manner that does not amount to a derivation of resources that could be mobililsed for national development. It becomes particularly worrisome against the realisation that in terms of productivity, measured in terms of number of bills passed into laws. The Nigeria’s National Assembly lags behind the American congress, even as its members earn several times over what their American counterparts earn.
The controversy is one which is not about to be resolved and it may not be fruitful to detain ourselves on this any further. Given the specific purview of this presentation, it may be fruitful for us to focus our attention on the role of the National Assembly in sustainable democracy.
Aaron is a lecturer in Uniport
Kikpoye K. Aaron
Politics
Senate Confirms Amupitan As INEC Chairman

The Senate has confirmed Professor Joash Amupitan as the new Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission.
The Red Chamber confirmed Amupitan after a voice vote conducted by Senate President Godswill Akpabio and after undergoing screening and answering questions posed by the lawmakers.
Amupitan had earlier arrived at the National Assembly complex earlier, exchanged pleasantries with Senators.
He was accompanied to the chamber by the Governor of Kogi State, Ahmed Ododo, and other dignitaries.
At about 12:50 p.m., the nominee was ushered into the Senate chamber by the Presidential Adviser on National Assembly Matters (Senate), Senator Abubakar Lado, and was already seated ahead of the commencement of the exercise.
Amupitan was allowed into the hallowed chamber after the Senate Leader, Senator Opeyemi Bamidele (APC, Ekiti Central), moved that Order 12 be set aside to allow visitors into the chamber, and he was seconded by the Senate Minority Leader, Senator Abba Moro (PDP, Benue South).
Senate President Godswill Akpabio welcomed Amupitan, his family members, and well-wishers to the Red Chamber, commending them for their presence.
Before introducing himself to the Senators for the question and answer session to take off, Akpabio disclosed to his colleagues that the nominee had been cleared by the office of the National Security Adviser after vetting.
According to Akpabio, the office of the Department of State Services had also cleared him.
The Senate President also said that the Office of the Inspector-General of Police, having done a fingerprint search on him, cleared him and said that he had no criminal records with the police.
The screening exercise commenced at about 12:55 p.m. following Akpabio’s opening remarks, during which he outlined the procedures to be followed by the lawmakers in considering the nominee’s credentials.
The screening session focused on Amupitan’s vision for credible elections, his plans for institutional reforms within INEC, and measures to deepen the use of technology in Nigeria’s electoral process.
Following his confirmation by the Senate, Amupitan will oversee preparations for upcoming off-cycle governorship elections and lay the groundwork for the 2027 general elections.
The Tide source earlier reported that President Bola Tinubu had nominated Amupitan, a Professor of Law from the University of Jos, to succeed Prof. Mahmood Yakubu.
The President’s letter conveying Amupitan’s nomination was read on the floor of the Senate by Akpabio during plenary on Tuesday.
A Senior Advocate of Nigeria and former Dean of the Faculty of Law at the University of Jos, Amupitan, is widely regarded for his expertise in constitutional and international law.
Politics
PDP’ll Reclaim Presidency, Won’t Sink Following Defections — Mohammed

He said, although he was deeply concerned about some governors and lawmakers defecting to the APC, the party was working quietly behind the scenes to stabilise its ranks and rebuild public trust.
“If you ask me whether I’m concerned about our governors leaving for APC, I am more than concerned. But leadership is a burden. As a leader of a group of equal status, I cannot determine the decisions or inactions of my colleagues, but certainly, a lot of work is being done behind the scenes,” he said.
The Bauchi governor accused the APC-led federal government of using coercive tactics to weaken the opposition, saying the ruling party was bent on turning Nigeria into a one-party state.
“You know the style of leadership of the APC-led federal government in trying to make this country a one-party state. They have the power of coercion; they have the power of everything,” he said.
Governor Mohammed, however, maintained that the defections would not derail the PDP’s resurgence, stressing that most Nigerians at the grassroots remained loyal to the party.
“Even those who left are not finding it easier because most of the people at the grassroots level are PDP and are not happy with the defections. Sometimes it is done because of permutations and calculations. But I assure you I am not going anywhere. I am in PDP, and my state has no element of division,” he explained.
Governor Mohammed revealed that more defections could occur, including from lawmakers in his state, but insisted the PDP structure in Bauchi remained solid.
“Even today, I saw in the news that one of my senators is going. They are being controlled, they are being bought, but certainly, the state is PDP. Nigerians want change, and they believe they can get it through the PDP,” he stated.
The governor emphasised that the PDP had laid the foundation for most of Nigeria’s measurable achievements under successive governments and that the party remained the only credible platform capable of providing national renewal.
“Most of the measurable achievements by the federal government were done by PDP regimes. By the grace of God, if we stand firm, we will deliver. Some of us who won as governors were not even considered capable, and here we are. That’s what will play out in 2027,” he said.
Addressing concerns over potential threats to the forthcoming convention, the PDP stalwart said the party leadership was working to resolve internal disputes and litigations aimed at destabilising preparations.
“I cannot speak for the National Working Committee, but as a leader within the party, I know they are doing their best to address issues of litigations. Many are artificially created to undermine us, but we don’t have any faction in the PDP,” he said.
He noted that while some individuals had approached the courts to stop the party’s convention, the PDP remained more organised than most opposition parties.
“Comparatively, most of the other parties are not better off than us. We are better off than most opposition parties. We are the only ones intact; with one National Secretary, one National Chairman, and one Publicity Secretary. This meeting gives hope that at the end of the day, we will deliver,” he said.
On reports of Governor Peter Mbah’s rumoured defection from the PDP, Governor Mohammed said Governor Mbah had not formally declared any intention to leave and remained a respected colleague.
“Actually, Governor Mbah has not told us his position. It is a personal decision. We cannot remove his picture before he leaves. When he leaves, we will replace him with another person. Up till now, he has not told me he’s leaving,” he said.
He also dismissed speculation surrounding Governor Siminalayi Fubara of Rivers State, describing him as a loyal member of the PDP who had endured significant challenges in office.
“He has not left the party; he is still PDP. Everybody has his own style. He is a humble young man who has gone through so much and has done well to accommodate all the problems and challenges he found himself in,” he said.
Commenting on speculations about a possible 2027 presidential project involving former President Goodluck Jonathan, the Bauchi governor said the PDP remained open to prominent figures who wished to return or associate with the party.
“People are still interested in this party, and these big names being associated with us make us happy. As governors, we have resolved to put personal interests aside. We are united and will come up with leadership that will be the best choice for Nigerians to put in Aso Rock, inshallah,” he stated.
Governor Mohammed reaffirmed his commitment to the PDP and expressed optimism that new, visionary leaders would emerge from the party in 2027 to defeat what he called the APC’s ‘deceptive’ style of politics.
“If somebody goes, just like a bird, they go, they come. Please, don’t blame anybody at the governors’ level; we are doing our best, but it is beyond our control,” he said.
Politics
Obi Insists On Faith In New Nigeria During Rome Pilgrimage

In a statement following his recent visit to the United States and Rome, Mr Obi said he used the pilgrimage as an opportunity to seek divine intervention for Nigeria’s unity, peace, and responsible leadership.
He stated that after addressing members of the Friendship Club in the US and speaking at the 1st Ubuntu African Youth Assembly in Washington, he proceeded to Rome to join his wife for a spiritual retreat.
“With hearts full of gratitude, we thanked God that, despite our differences and the many challenges faced over 65 years of independence, He has kept us together as one nation,” Mr Obi said.
During the pilgrimage, the couple visited the four major Papal Basilicas in Rome — St. Mary Major, St. Paul Outside the Walls, St. John Lateran, and St. Peter’s Basilica — where they met with other Nigerian pilgrims.
“Along the way, we met many Nigerian pilgrims: men and women of faith whose faces shone with quiet hope. Together, we renewed our trust in God’s mercy and in the promise of a better Nigeria,” he added.
Reaffirming his faith in both divine providence and civic duty, Mr Obi maintained that prayer must be matched with personal and collective effort.
“Faith does not absolve us of responsibility; it calls us to action. We must each continue to do our part, with honesty, diligence, and love, for our nation’s healing and progress,” he said.
Mr Obi was accompanied by his wife, Margaret, during the pilgrimage, which also included an audience with His Holiness, Pope Leo XIV, at the Vatican City.
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