Opinion
Consciousness And Praise Poetry In Africa
The praise poetry of Africans is rooted in our cosmology
which extols humans and non-humans. Professional praise-singers praise chiefs,
kings or noble men. Individuals compose their praise songs. They promote
self-feats, greatness and special attributes linked to paternal and maternal
victors and other credentials. The aim of the poetry is not to promote the
negative traits of self; ego, nor its doctrinal derivatives; hatred, vengeance,
selfhood and personalism. It is a form that encourages individualism that is
rooted in communality. The values promoted through the poetic medium must be
rooted in communal mind. It implies that every good oral poetic composition
that praises an individual should be linked to other individuals, who share the
values and have profited from the song. It is dangerous for singers in the
society to compose songs about the negative traits of individuals with the
intension of praising them.
Non human objects influence the lives of people. Their uses
are so relevant that praise-singers compose praise songs about them. One
instance from Ogoni is palm wine. It is praised as good drink which nourishes
people ad offers them better life. A lion could be praised as king of the
forest and may be juxtaposed with a man. An elephant that stands across a road
may be praised as the mighty one with several encomiums associated with its
strength and might. Praise songs of non-human objects derive from environmental
consciousness, valuation and, economic, social and geographical relevance
associated with them; they are not praised as objects in a vacuum, the people
are attached to them in relation to their environment.
One major principle of praise poetry is to extol. It depends
on the praise-singer who decides who and what to praise. It is rational to
praise the beauties and values of a society. It is aberrant to praise bad
qualities of a non-human object or a human. Praise songs rarely mixes abuse and
praise elements. Is it the rational praising an armed robber for his bravery?
It is an unwanted bad behavioural trait which threatens the existence of
society. It does not matter whether the person is the most gifted armed robber
that is never caught even when soldiers and police are sent to defeat his team.
He is a fit subject of abuse for threatening the society; making ridicule of
him is better with the ultimate aim of correcting the misdemeanor.
What are the values in a system or community? They are in
the reservoir of communal mind and are accessible to every communal user. The
praise poetry composer draws from the reservoir using the ones relevant to him
to compose songs. The Hausa community believes in the rich fending for the
poor. The praise singer does not fall to praise a charitable king whose
community gains from his benevolence. The Igbo believe in good governance which
is fair to the rich and the poor. A praise-singer praises a king who is upright
and fair to his people. It is applicable to the Yoruba who are of the opinion
that a good king fights for the protection and welfare of his people. Other
Nigerian communities adore their kings in similar and other forms.
The self praises in Yoruba are a subject of academic
inquiry. Are they unrelated to the society? Do they carry communal ethos and
values? If they are not, how can we say they are relevant to traditional praise
poetry? Some of the praise names derive from the positions of individuals in
the family. Taiwo and Kehinde, while others are linked to the community, Ade
and Oye. They show the roles individuals play in the family and the community,
or roles their parents played. In the case of the latter, the individuals carry
the consciousness of governance along with them which makes them share the
belief with their parents or grand parents that they are from royal lineages.
The consciousness is carried like a doctrine that offers expectations that may
be realised from available opportunities. Possibilities of governing in
institutions, associations and groups are not related to the praise background
but belief is a motivational factor which creates dreams for people, and could
make such persons expectant where they work. Good spirit catalyses desire into
valuable possibilities, this is why society promotes good values.
Names of the earlier refer to the positions in the family.
The first means first child while the second means second child; they have
their responsibilities within the family. The society gives priority to time
and rank within the family. The first child who comes first in the family is
given preference over the second in sharing small things like food and clothes
as well as other valuable property. This attitude creates order in the family,
the micro-unit, and the implication extends to and accommodates the macro-unit,
the nation. This is incidentally what obtains in most Nigerians states and
African countries. The remarkable difference lies in naming: the Yoruba names
specify the positions which honour seniority.
Epithets evoke qualities of individuals as well as non-human
objects. An individual is praised as the benevolent one, the defender of the
weak, the thrust-worthy friend and the victorious one, not merely to obtain
money from him, nor to get any other favour but to show him as a reliable person
who is selfless and serves many in his community.
Another person is praised as the commander, the
unconquerable lion, the python that swallows his enemies, the must-return in
sun and rain and the one who is swift like an eagle. These epithets make it crystal
clear that the role of the individual is to defend his environment. He is a
military commander who is very competent, he must have demonstrated valour,
military might and courage in previous wars.
Hyperbole heightens the qualities of humans and non-humans.
This is the nature of the figure of speech which may give the impression of
in-balance between reality and fiction. If the praises are deconstructed
through research into lives of the humans who are praised in a realistic
situation, uncoloured with poverty and quest for self realisation of the
composers and signers, the discovery is likely to be that epithets are true
evaluations of behavior, ranks, roles and social relations of individuals.
Hyperbole draw attention to them like hammer sounds on anvil in the ears of
those who are in the immediate environment of the goldsmith.
Opinion
FG’s Transport Support And Rivers Workers
The Federal Government’s approval of a N70,000 monthly transport intervention for public service workers for six months, beginning in November 2026, offers hope to employees struggling with the rising cost of living. The agreement with the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), reached at a conciliation meeting in Abuja on October 27, is intended to cushion transport costs and ease pressure on workers’ incomes. But for public servants in Rivers State, it raises a familiar question: will the State Government key into the intervention and ensure that its workers benefit? The agreement provides for N70,000 monthly across all levels, for six months. The Federal Government also approved peculiar allowance arrears effective from May 1, 2026, to be paid in three equal instalments beginning in November.
The parties agreed to reconvene after one month to assess implementation. Ultimately, the value of these resolutions will be measured not by announcements but by whether eligible workers receive the money. Transport costs consume a substantial share of many civil servants’ earnings before they can meet household needs. Support for commuting is therefore not a luxury or political favour; it is temporary assistance to help workers remain at their jobs without sinking further into hardship. For lower-paid employees, transport costs can turn modest salaries into a daily exercise in difficult choices and sacrifice.
The agreement also urges State and Local Governments to participate and unions to press for implementation. The federal agreement does not automatically guarantee that every State and Local Government employee will receive the support. State authorities must clarify how it will apply to their workforce, make the necessary arrangements and publish a payment timetable. Rivers State must approach the arrangement with urgency and transparency. The Government should State whether it will implement the intervention and when payments will begin. Any administrative or financial question should be addressed promptly with organised labour, not allowed to become excuses for delay.
The concern is sharpened by the earlier N35,000 monthly wage award introduced by the Federal Government in 2023 after petrol subsidy removal. It was intended as temporary relief pending a new national minimum wage. While several States negotiated and paid wage awards or related sums, implementation nationwide was uneven. Reports in 2024 indicated that many States had failed to pay the federal award, while others provided different amounts. In Rivers, labour and media reports raised concerns about implementation of the N35,000 award for State workers, amid separate announcements and arrangements concerning Local Government employees.
The wage award was meant to ease the immediate effects of subsidy removal, yet workers faced uncertainty over whether the promised relief would reach them. In February 2024, the Rivers State Government announced approval of the N35,000 award for local government workers, but subsequent reports showed that implementation across worker categories remained a concern. The lesson is clear: approval and implementation are not the same. A declaration at a meeting offers little comfort to a worker whose account does not reflect the promised payment. For workers who travel to their offices daily, the implications of delayed support are significant. Transportation expenses compete with food, rent, school fees, healthcare and other essential household needs.
As fares rise, employees may be forced to reduce spending on necessities or borrow to sustain their families. A timely transport intervention would therefore provide practical relief and demonstrate that government understands the economic pressures confronting its workforce. Its temporary nature makes prompt implementation even more important. It is fair to acknowledge that this transport intervention is a new agreement and that its administrative details may require clarification. Rivers State should not be condemned in advance for a failure that has not occurred. Nevertheless, the earlier experience gives workers legitimate grounds to seek assurances before the November commencement date. The State should avoid allowing uncertainty to persist until workers begin asking why the promised assistance has not arrived.
The NLC and unions in Rivers State should engage the State Government immediately and seek a written commitment, an implementation plan and a process for reporting missed payments. If clarification from the Federal Government is needed, the State should seek it without abandoning the goal of providing relief. Labour leaders must also keep members informed about progress and insist that any agreed arrangements are applied fairly and transparently. The Rivers State Government should treat this intervention as an opportunity to rebuild confidence. Timely support would show that workers’ welfare is more than a talking point and that the State recognises the economic realities confronting its employees.
Silence, delay or selective implementation, by contrast, would revive frustration over earlier relief measures and weaken trust between government and labour. Every month lost to administrative delay leaves workers facing the same transport burden without the intended assistance. The State should consult labour, publish arrangements and pay eligible workers on time. Rivers workers should not have to wonder whether federal relief will reach them. The Federal Government has announced the support; now the State must make its position clear. We hope the N70,000 monthly transport intervention will not follow the troubling path of the earlier wage award. Rivers State should learn from that experience and ensure that this time, relief is not merely promised but delivered.
Sylvia ThankGod-Amadi
Opinion
Ancestorial Worship: My Take (1)
Everyday, Christians call on Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as they pray to God in the privacy of their homes across our multicultural, multiracial and multiethnic world. On Sundays and almost everyday of the week in the new-found full freaking fanaticism in Pentecostalism, they gather in the more than four million churches or congregations in the world to worship God, invoking the spirits of the ancestors of Jews. Meanwhile, in the scaremongering antics of institutional religion, the African has allowed himself to be hoodwinked into believing that invoking the spirit of his ancestors in prayers is idolatry and patently evil. He is mind-controlled into believing that indulgence in what the Christian clergy calls ”Satanic Act” is a sure ticket to Hell, where the individual is tormented, burnt and charred till eternity on the orders of a loving Father; what a laughable irony.
Come with me on my experience of what the Christian clergy contemptuously calls ancestorial worship. One Monday in September 1988, I drove from Port Harcourt to Owerri, accompanied by Chief AM Abasi who was the general manager of Delta Holdings Ltd, a company owned by Chief Ranami Abah, (Abadifeni III). Our mission was a meeting with Mr. Nwaorgu, the marketing manager of 33 Breweries Ltd for a dealership for Mrs. Alice Abah, whose husband, Chief Ranami Abah, had substantial equity shareholding in 33 Breweries Ltd. At the end of the meeting, we agreed to return on Wednesday with Mrs Alice to sign a contract for the dealership. When Chief Abasi and I stepped out to the parking lot, it hit me that I could not recollect how I drove from Port Harcourt through Igwuruta, Isiokpo and Elele to Owerri.
First, I waved the feeling off, ascribing it to the aerodynamic and slippery nature of the super slick German machine, a Mercedes-Benz 280 SLC convertible owned by Chief Ranami Abah. But on a second thought, I sensed a premonition; an ominous feeling. Then a sense of foreboding hit me, leaving me with the chilly feeling that something wrong was in the air. For a person who does not know fear as a result of having had out-of-body experience (OBE) in 1975 and considering the threshold of death the most beautiful experience in my life, it was a very worrisome feeling, to say the least. I quickly shook those thoughts out of my head, engaged the gear of the ever-ready German machine and zapped through Owerri traffic, attracting the same attention that trailed us all the way from Port Harcourt.
At Control Post, an inner voice instructed me not to return to Port Harcourt through the route we came. In reflexive obedience to the mysterious inaudible voice, I turned right (northwards) and stepped heavily on the gas. The straight six-cylinder engine roared in dutiful obedience; the automatic transmission immediately dropped into a lower gear, thereby giving the engine a very powerful pull that enabled the small-bodied car to dust every other vehicle on the road. Through the rear view mirror, I saw the vehicles we overtook recede speedily and virtually disappear behind us. In almost a whisper, Chief Abasi asked if I wanted to visit the 33 Brewery factory at Awo Omamma; I said ”no” without explaining the movement in the opposite direction of our journey.
Strangely, Chief Abasi did not pry further. We raced on, northwards; in thunderous silence. At Ogbaku junction, I turned left, drove westwards past Ejemekwuru and Izombe, turned left at Oguta and headed southwards on the Oguta Lake–Egbema–Omoku–Ahoada Federal Road. Carefully navigating the potholes that generously punctuated the road vis-a-vis the very low clearing of the car, I entered Egbema territory at Opuoma, drove through Mmahu, Abacheke, Okwuzi and turned eastwards to Mgbede, my home town. There, I quickly introduced Chief Abasi to my parents, left him with them and briskly walked a few metre to the grave of Osai, my grandfather. At the graveside, I solemnly told Osai that I sense something wrong in the air.
Then, in furious rage, I threatened him and my uncle, Lazarus, who lay beside him, that if they remained sleepy-eyed in that dimension and I am forced out of this world, that I will scatter their ribcage with penknife. My cousin and age mate, Luke Ofere, came out of his house and asked what was wrong and why I was in tears. With hot tears running down my cheeks, I turned around and left the graveside without a word to him; shock, surprise and confusion were boldly written on his face. On my way back to my father’s house, Nze Romanus Ogboh caught up with my brisk strides and, viciously pulling his right ear, he warned me to be careful on the road; that he dreamt that I died in a motor accident but that he administered a potion on me and I came back alive.
He was completely confused when I replied ”I know” and continued walking in tears towards my father’s house without a further word. Still in the holy rage, I called out Chief Abasi to join me in the car. Back to Port Harcourt through Omoku, Ahoada, Elele Alimini and Emohua, I told my spouse that something wrong is certainly around the corner. As we planned, Chief Abasi travelled to Calabar on Tuesday to inform Auntie Alice of the development and request her to come to Port Harcourt on Wednesday for onward journey to Owerri to effect the dealership contract. On Wednesday, I waited for them but they did not show up. I called Chief Abah and complained about the development. Thursday morning, they pulled up in front of my apartment in a blue Peugeot 504.
To be continued in our next edition.
Jason Osai
Osai lectures in Rivers State University.
Opinion
Checking Voter Apathy In Nigeria’s Electoral Process
-
Sports4 days agoNigerian Trio Target Titles At PFL Africa Finals
-
Education4 days agoFCE Yola Graduates 3,555 Teachers , Seeks Upgrade to University
-
Niger Delta4 days agoDiri Restates Stance On Lagos-Calabar Coastal Highway
-
Niger Delta4 days agoC’River, NUJ Pay Tribute To Late Guardian Editor
-
News5 days agoNDLEA Recovers Tons Of Illicit Drug Consignments In Nine States
-
Opinion4 days agoChecking Voter Apathy In Nigeria’s Electoral Process
-
Opinion12 hours ago
Ancestorial Worship: My Take (1)
-
Politics4 days ago2027: DICKSON’S EX-ALLY VOWS TO WORK AGAINST NDC INTEREST IN BAYELSA
