Opinion
The Danger Of Child Abuse
Child .abuse could be referred to the act of mal treating, a child. Maltreatment of child could be in the form of physical, sexual, neglect or emotional abuse of the child. These abuses usually occur at home, school, or community.
In some developed countries, the prevention of child abuse is among their top priority and this issue is addressed with strict laws and policies that help to curtail it. Different bodies have also specified their opinion of what associated constitutes child abuse.
According to a journal of child Abuse Neglect child abuse “is any recent act of failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act of failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm”.
Physically abusing a child usually involves a direct physical aggression towards a child. Most countries that implements t e law of child abuse considers the intentional infliction of severe injuries or action that has a tendency of placing a child at a conspicuous risk of acquiring serious injuries or may cause death bruises scratches broken bones etc as physical abuse. Similarly involvement of a child in sexual activities, which is aimed towards physical gratification or for financial purpose of the person committing the act could be referred to as sexual abuse. The various ways of abusing a child could not be forcing, or asking a child for sexual satisfaction, notwithstanding the outcome, sexual touching of the child’s genitals, exposing one’s genitals indecently to a child, actual sexual contact with a child etc.
Often times those who are involved in sexual abuse of children are usually related to the family or regarded as family friends. They include brothers fathers mothers uncles, cousins, friends of the family and often time baby sitters and neighbours with few cases of strangers.
Another aspect of child abuse is neglecting. Failure of parent or guardian to provide the basic needs of a child could also be considered as child abuse. Needs such as food, shelter, clothing, medical care, supervision of the child’s health and safety of child are the sole responsibility of the parents or guarding.
When a child is frequently absent from school, always looking unkept, and lacks sufficient clothings, it is a clear indication that the child is being neglected which could be associated with child abuse.
Another obvious factor of child abuse which is commonly found on the streets of our beloved country Nigeria is children hawking wares. Experts have referred to these acts of child molestation as child labour.
Many parents send their children a hawk ware for various reasons ranging from poverty, tradition and supplementing family income among others.
However this reasons exposes them to dangers which are particularly worse if they are females. In some communities only girls hawk, while their parents and male children stay at home.
These children leave home as early as 6.am and most times return as late as 11.pm. They hawk under all kinds of whether condition.
Some of them whose guardians or parents beat and starve for not making enough sales even hawk in the rain.
The fact that some of the children hawk in groups has not apparently reduced the problems and dangers they encounter on daily basis. They are always looking tired, worn out, hungry with torn clothes. Their shoulders always dropping and hunched, barely able to lift their feet.
They are so unfortunately poor and cannot even afford to go to school except in the form of roaming about with their wares.
They shuffle around like acrobats in and out of traffic, motor parks, road junctions, public offices, market places and schools.
They have potentials, but unfortunately they seldom get around to realize their potentials. Except maybe as hired thugs to politicians or militants. The lucky ones will graduate into big time touts, bus conductor, and small-time pick pockets. The not-so-lucky ones however will become drug peddle, prostitutes, arm nobbes and social misfits in the society.
Sick perverts capitalize on this accepted practice of street trading to carry out their dubious plans against innocent looking children. They lure these unsuspecting traders to their house with the pretext of patronizing them. Minutes later the innocent girl is sexually assured and threats of punishment would silence them from shouting out.
The consequences of these sick acts are usually unwanted pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, psychological breakdown and the fear of men.
A category of people like poor parents, women with lazy husbands who do not provide for the family, widows, widowers, sick and disabled parents with able children feel they should not be blamed for sending their children hawking because they are helpless.
But there are other ways children can help mum and dad in the family other than hawking wares for them. No parent should use their conditions as an excuse to resort to sending their underage children out on the ever dangerous street to hawk. Who really benefits from it?
In some homes the parents sit at home all day doing nothing and live on the profit from what their children have produced. Some guardians or step parents derive pleasure or make it a hobby to send children hawking, even when they can comfortably provide for their family.
It is the responsibility of every parent or guardian to protect and promote the education and welfare of their children and ward. They should not use their children for commercial activities no matters how poor they are.
This is because it exposes them to violence and other social ills such as accidents, kidnapping and rape.
Parents should be re-oriented towards accepting their responsibilities of taking care of their families. When parents accept their responsibilities of taking care of their children, there would be no need for children to hawk.
Iragunima, resides in Port Harcourt.
Benice Iragunima
About six years ago, my client, a UK-based Nigerian widow, became the target of an audacious scheme orchestrated by a notorious syndicate of land grabbers operating under the guise of a land owning family in Ikeja, Lagos. Their objective was clear: to dispossess her of her rightful ownership of three plots of land situated behind the former Tasty Fried Chicken building on Opebi Road, Ikeja. In a disturbing abuse of judicial process, these individuals approached a Magistrate Court then at Ikeja Local Airport, and by misrepresentation and fraudulent manipulation, secured a writ of possession against my client. It appeared their strategy was anchored on the assumption that the rightful owner was deceased. However, unknown to them, my client was very much alive, she only passed on last year.
Following this fraudulent judgment, the land grabbers, aided by a lawyer with an infamous reputation in the Ikeja axis for such sharp practices, took swift and forceful possession of the land. They began advertising the property to prospective buyers, offering each plot for several millions of naira. Upon being alerted by my client’s tenants, I conducted a search and discovered that the defendants had surreptitiously instituted the action using one of their own as the purported adverse party, who did not contest possession. Realising the magnitude of the fraud, I promptly secured my client’s Certificate of Occupancy and filed an application for joinder and a motion to set aside the judgment, backed by robust documentary evidence and affidavits deposing to the true facts.
The defendants, in a desperate and laughable defence, relied on a purported judgment allegedly delivered in the 1920s, claiming global ownership of lands stretching from Ikeja to Agege. When pressed to produce a survey plan or other definitive means of delineating the land covered by such a judgment, they failed woefully. The supposed plan was neither attached nor frontloaded.Fortunately, the presiding Magistrate, a sharp, fearless, and principled judicial officer saw through the deception and set aside the judgment accordingly.
What followed was a calculated legal standoff. After some days passed, I anticipated that the defendants would file a notice of appeal along with a motion for stay of execution, I acted strategically: by 8:00 a.m. of that day, possession had been recovered, effectively foreclosing their efforts to frustrate justice. They served their notice of appeal and motion for stay by 9:00am as I had anticipated.
Predictably, they resorted to harassment by filing a spurious petition at the Lagos State Police Command, alleging trespass. When that failed, they escalated the matter to the Assistant Inspector General of Police at Zone 2, Onikan. However, following a comprehensive review of all court documents and the title records, the Assistant Commissioner of Police, an officer of commendable integrity, sternly warned the fraudulent parties and their counsel never to return with such frivolous claims. He also threatened legal consequences for presenting forged or misleading documents. Regrettably, such land-grabbing tactics are far from isolated. I am presently handling another similar matter at the High Court of Lagos State, Ikeja Judicial Division. In this case, a property owner based in Jos, who has been in undisturbed possession of his land since before the Nigerian Civil War, was excluded from a suit for possession. The Plaintiffs falsely claimed adverse possession and obtained judgment using a family member as a nominal defendant. This is a land that had been returned to the owner (my client) by the Lagos State Government post-war, after a temporary wartime acquisition.
That matter is ongoing, and we remain confident that justice will again prevail. These cases serve as stark reminders of how certain individuals exploit procedural loopholes, such as substituted service and fictitious defendants, to perpetrate judicial fraud. It is common practice for notices of service to be pasted at the premises at odd hours, quickly photographed, and removed before anyone notices, thereby fabricating compliance with due process. This modus operandi, if not checked, undermines the integrity of our justice system. It may very well explain the plight Mr. Peter Obi’s brother, whose reported dispossession, despite a valid Certificate of Occupancy and long-standing possession, calls for judicial scrutiny and legal redress. While the wheels of justice may turn slowly, they remain capable of grinding exceedingly fine, provided legal practitioners act with diligence, and judicial officers remain vigilant and impartial.
There is a compelling need to amend our procedural rules regarding the use of unnamed or unknown persons as defendants in land litigation. Courts, both at High Court and Magistrate level – should be mandated to conduct locus in quo inspections where defendants are purportedly unknown or where substituted service is claimed. Such reforms will deter fraudulent practices and restore public confidence in the judiciary.In conclusion, let it be reaffirmed: the Nigerian legal system, though imperfect, is still a formidable instrument for the protection of property rights when wielded with integrity, precision, and tenacity.
Ubani, is a legal practitioner and public affairs analyst, Legal Advisor of Assemblies of God, Nigeria.
By: Monday Onyekachi Ubani
As the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), contemplates banning the production, distribution and consumption of sachet alcoholic beverages across Nigeria, the move has raised mixed reactions among Nigerians and interest groups. According to NAFDAC the proliferation of sachet alcoholic beverages has been linked to abusive usage resulting in increased health complications, and drunk driving that causes road accidents. The Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) corroborates some of NAFDAC’s claims. FRSC records show that the 10,617 road accidents recorded in 2023 were due mostly to over speeding and drunk driving.
It is noteworthy that the availability of alcohol in less than 200ml PET bottles and in sachets, makes alcohol quickly consumable even during work hours. Without standardised packaging and regulatory labelling compliances, most of these sachet products are unregistered, come with questionable contents and form the bulk of illicit alcohol. Though lesser in volume, their high alcohol concentrations makes them highly intoxicating. Their ready availability at motor-parks, increase over-indulgence by commercial drivers, most of whom thereafter mount the wheels on low mental alertness.
Alcohol is known to reduce mental acuity and consciousness of the mind. Endowing its addicts with elixir feelings that momentarily blur reality, the alcohol effect additionally boosts self-rating and confidence, placing addicts on realms of happy possibilities where almost every dream is attainable, even if unrealistically. By the time the effect wanes addicts are known to be sad to face stark reality, which is why most are prone to retaking repeated doses to shoot themselves back to the fantasy world. Such fantasy is also the reason many youths and adults would rather invest daily in game-betting gambles than invest in micro innovations that guarantee real economic advancements.
The dawn of neo-medicinal alcohol being marketed in sachets as herbal remedies for organ cleansing, aphrodisiacs, anti- malarial and diabetes cures, is drawing increasing patronage from gullible Nigerians, even as these claims remain medically questionable. Following the rising patronage, all shades of manufacturing quackery are currently cashing-out from the market. Because of the harmful health effects of quack products, it is no wonder that sicknesses relating to organ-damage and male impotency are on the increase. Apart from drunk-driving and the health risks posed by over-indulgence in alcohols, the precious time wasted by addicts in unproductive day-dreams, which should have been deployed to meaningful economic ventures, is also a concern. In times of economic difficulties, as presently facing many Nigerians, there is need for mental clarity to enable one articulate ways out of hardships.
These outcomes may have informed NAFDAC’s decision to pursue banning easily consumable volumes of alcohol. If the ban becomes successful, those who like alcoholic drinks would still enjoy them by taking bigger packs which are low in concentration. Bigger bottles are likely to be consumed at leisure times after work due to their sizes. At that point, most consumers must have spent a productive day, yet have time to enjoy some booze. NAFDAC’s decision to ban unhealthy, anti-productive alcohol packs should therefore be encouraged. It is however, unfortunate that even as NAFDAC had set a long-term goal to achieve the ban, from as far back as 2018, through the then Minister of Health, Prof. Isaac Folorunsho Adewole, and had engaged manufacturers on a five-year phase-out plan, the ban has failed to materialise. This is despite the signing of a five-year moratorium document between the Distillers and Blenders Association of Nigeria (DIBAN) and the Association of Food and Beverage & Tobacco Employers (AFBTE) on one hand, and the Ministry of Health, NAFDAC and the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (ECCPC), on the other.
Recall that same year, the minister had out-rightly banned over-the counter use of codeine syrups following a BBC documentary on the consequences of its abusive use in Nigeria. NAFDAC’s inability to check the indiscriminate use of sachet alcohol years after the expiration of the signed moratorium highlights how vested interests may stifle good institutional objectives. It becomes worrisome when the pressure on NAFDAC to shelve the ban on harmful alcohol is coming through a hallowed institution, like the House of Representatives. NAFDAC had swiftly introduced the ban on February 1, 2024 after the expiration of the five-year moratorium. But no sooner had the House come upon it to lift the ban. At the moment, the ban stands temporarily lifted till December 2025 even as lobbies intensify.
For the house to claim that “the ban was ill-timed because of the current economic conditions, staggering unemployment, soaring inflation and high rate of poverty,” it raises many questions about the rationale of members of the house, considering the correlation between alcohol addiction and the inability to exit poverty. Members of the legislature should be from the finest minds who go for the sublime. Why would members of the House choose to endorse a situation that is currently ensnaring many into addiction and anti-social behaviours, than safeguard societal sanity? Even as members of the house argue that sachet alcohol sales is sustaining some micro businesses, the anti-social behaviour and health risks engendered by such sales out-weigh any derivable economic benefits.
Opponents of the ban who support the house may also argue that the ban targets low-income earners who patronise sachet products due to affordability, and may further point out that substitutes of other herbal/alcoholic concoctions being marketed as health remedies are available through unregulated markets. Bowing to such arguments would mean that NAFDAC should choose a defeatist position, wherein it has been overwhelmed at discharging its core mandate of safeguarding the health of the nation. As NAFDAC mediates through legislative challenges and lobby groups, members of the executive should bear on the assembly to allow the institution pursue its core goals. Not doing so would be to build a nation of drunkards, where lunatics roam the streets.
By: Joseph Nwankwor