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‘Nigeria’s eNaira Adoption Disappointingly Low’
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has described the public adoption of the eNaira in Nigeria as disappointingly low.
This was contained in a working paper IMF released recently, titled, “Nigeria’s eNaira: One Year After”, in which the Bretton Woods institution highlighted how the digital currency fared in its first year.
Recall that Nigeria’s President, Muhammadu Buhari, formally unveiled the digital currency at the state house in Abuja on October 25, 2021.
However, IMF said about 98.5 percent of eNaira wallets that were downloaded after the unveiling have been left unused.
While stating that the Central Bank Digital Currency project had yet to move beyond the initial wave of limited adoption, IMF said the eNaira usage by households and merchants has been slow.
“The retail wallet downloads saw a few weeks of the initial surge before tapering off. More specially, it only took 25 days for the number of downloaded wallets to reach 500,000 units, but going from there to 600,000 units took another 63 days, and to 700,000 units yet another 143 days”, the paper stated.
It continued that “as of end-November 2021, the total number of retail eNaira wallets amounted to about 860,000. This is just 0.8 per cent of Nigeria’s active bank accounts.
“Merchant wallet download has reached about 100,000 in end-June, which is about one-eleventh of the number of merchants with Point-of-Sales (POS) terminals—which enables credit or debit card payments”.
IMF further revealed that the downloaded wallets recorded low transactions while some have not been active except for the initial surge it recorded shortly after it was launched.
It added that the average number of eNaira transactions weekly were carried out only by 1.5 percent of downloaded wallets.
“The average number of eNaira transactions since its inception amounts to about 14,000 per week—only 1.5 percent of the number of wallets out there. This means that 98.5 percent of wallets, for any given week, have not been used even once.
“The average value of eNaira transactions has been N923 million per week—0.0018 percent of the average amount of M3 during this period. The average value per one transaction has been N60,000”, it stated further.
The statement added that the eNaira’s potential in financial inclusion requires a strategy to set the right relationship with mobile money, given the former’s potential to either complement or substitute the latter.
“Cost savings from integrating CBDC—as a bridge vehicle—in the remittance process may also be substantial”, it stated.
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BVN Enrolments Rise 6% To 67.8m In 2025 — NIBSS
The Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) has said that Bank Verification Number (BVN) enrolments rose by 6.8 per cent year-on-year to 67.8 million as at December 2025, up from 63.5 million recorded in the corresponding period of 2024.
In a statement published on its website, NIBSS attributed the growth to stronger policy enforcement by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and the expansion of diaspora enrolment initiatives.
NIBSS noted that the expansion reinforces the BVN system’s central role in Nigeria’s financial inclusion drive and digital identity framework.
Another major driver, the statement said, was the rollout of the Non-Resident Bank Verification Number (NRBVN) initiative, which allows Nigerians in the diaspora to obtain a BVN remotely without physical presence in the country.
A five-year analysis by NIBSS showed consistent growth in BVN enrolments, rising from 51.9 million in 2021 to 56.0 million in 2022, 60.1 million in 2023, 63.5 million in 2024 and 67.8 million by December 2025. The steady increase reflects stronger compliance with biometric identity requirements and improved coverage of the national banking identity system.
However, NIBSS noted that BVN enrolments still lag the total number of active bank accounts, which exceeded 320 million as of March 2025.
The gap, it explained, is largely due to multiple bank accounts linked to single BVNs, as well as customers yet to complete enrolment, despite the progress recorded.
