Opinion
Still On HIV Transmission
Although the global community is still ensnared by COVID-19, an infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome, prior to its emergence, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), an infection also feared as COVID-19 had been in existence. The former is merely more prominent as it killed with speed and in high numbers which led to a global lockdown, including in Nigeria and altered peoples’ normal way of life with preventive measures and protocols.
HIV is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and, if not treated, can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Literally, it currently has no cure. It means that people who get HIV infection will live with it for a lifetime. From WHO statistics (2018), approximately 37.9 million people had AIDS globally. Out of the figure, 1.8 million were children below 15 years. Sub-Saharan Africa got 90 per cent. Within, HIV/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS) 2018 estimates that there are 1.9 million people living with HIV in Nigeria. The incidence of HIV in 2018 was estimated at 8 per 10,000 persons, whilst prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15-64 years was 1.4 per cent and among children aged 0-14 years, 0.2 per cent.
However, the good news is, from records, people living with HIV (PLHIV) who get effective HIV treatment can live long, healthy, normal lives, and also protect their partners. Hence, with timely detection and disclosure, there’s no cause for alarm.
For instance, a lady; very eloquent, energetic and nice-looking, who was diagnosed HIV-positive about a decade ago, during interactions recently in Calabar, Cross River State, attested to living a normal life despite her status. Not only that she successfully completed her undergraduate programme in a tertiary institution amid the development, with proper medical care, she goes to work freely like any other person, and fascinatingly, in a serious relationship for marriage. She discloses her status to people freely and boldly, according to her, and gives counselling on preventive measures as well as guides on ways to manage the infection if tested positive. Apart from her job in an organisation to make ends meet, she runs an NGO (Non-governmental organisation) for advocacy on HIV/AIDS towards sensitising the public.
This story is affirmative on account of her early detection of the infection; hence her ability to put it under control effectively. Perhaps, her case would have been different if she did not discover the ailment in time. This, therefore, justifies the sense in undergoing diagnosis, particularly running a test for early detection, considering that HIV may begin with diverse symptoms.
For example, depending on peculiarity, some people may have flu-like symptoms within two to four weeks after infection (called acute HIV infection). These symptoms may last for a few days or several weeks. Possible symptoms include: fever, chills, rash, night sweats, muscle aches, sore throat, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, and mouth ulcers.
On the other hand, some people may not feel sick at all during acute HIV infection which is the first stage. So, these symptoms do not mean people have HIV infection as other illnesses can also cause these same symptoms. Suffice to say that the only way to conclude that it is HIV infection is by undergoing a requisite medical test. Ideally, it is necessary to see a healthcare provider whenever these symptoms occur and also whenever exposed to HIV. Getting tested for HIV is the only acceptable way to be sure. For emphasis, detection can be done with great accuracy using WHO prequalified tests within a nationally approved testing strategy. In Nigeria, presently, people can use self-testing techniques outlined by health experts to determine their HIV status through rapid diagnostic tests that provide accurate and same-day results.
A critical point that cannot be overemphasised is that HIV/AIDS has claimed millions of lives, and still with no cure. And more critical and alarming is the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV mostly through breastfeeding, hence preventive measures essentially for women of reproductive age must be placed on the front burner. From report, the National Strategic Plan (NSP) targets that 95 per cent of all HIV positive pregnant and breastfeeding mothers would receive antiretroviral therapy; 95 per cent of all HIV-exposed infants would receive antiretroviral prophylaxis; and 95 per cent of all HIV-exposed infants have early infant diagnosis within 6-8 weeks of birth. This is commendable.
Unfortunately, field observations show that poor access to formal public healthcare; insufficient Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS (PMTCT) services; inadequate funding for HIV activities by states; poor data reporting system; low paediatric HIV case identification; poor responses for children living with HIV; ineligible improvement in ANC and facility delivery uptake still stand as barriers. In summary, socioeconomic and socio-cultural factors remain major barriers to the success of PMTCT in Nigeria, today.
It must also be noted that activities that put individuals at greater risk of contracting HIV include: having unprotected sex; having untreated sexually transmitted infection (STI) such as syphilis, herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea and bacterial vaginosis; and sharing contaminated needles, syringes and other injecting equipment and drug solutions when injecting drugs. Others are receiving unsafe injections, blood transfusions and tissue transplantation, and medical procedures that involve unsterile cutting or piercing; and experiencing accidental needle stick injuries, including, among health workers. And if eventualaly tested HIV-positive, without requisite treatment, it typically, dangerously progresses to Stage 3 (AIDS).
The crux is that the fight against HIV/AIDS demands unremitting efforts. In particular, health and sex education, PMTCT, reduction of pre-natal transmission, screening of blood and blood products need progressive drives. A sustained sensitisation and synergy on HIV/PMTCT for a healthier tomorrow as WHO and UNICEF spearhead is pertinent. As the PMTCT programmes offer a range of services for women of reproductive age living with or at high risk of HIV to maintain their health and prevent their infants from acquiring HIV, access prior to conception, and throughout pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding is indispensable.
By: Carl Umegboro
Umegboro is a public affairs analyst.
Opinion
Towards Affordable Living Houses
Opinion
The Labour Union We Want
Opinion
Wike VS Soldier’s Altercation: Matters Arising
The events that unfolded in Abuja on Tuesday November 11, 2025 between the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Chief Nyesom Wike and a detachment of soldiers guarding a disputed property, led by Adams Yerima, a commissioned Naval Officer, may go down as one of the defining images of Nigeria’s democratic contradictions. It was not merely a quarrel over land. It was a confrontation between civil authority and the military legacy that still hovers over our national life.
Nyesom Wike, fiery and fearless as always, was seen on video exchanging words with a uniformed officer who refused to grant him passage to inspect a parcel of land alleged to have been illegally acquired. The minister’s voice rose, his temper flared, and the soldier, too, stood his ground, insisting on his own authority. Around them, aides, security men, and bystanders watched, stunned, as two embodiments of the Nigerian state clashed in the open.
The images spread fast, igniting debates across drawing rooms, beer parlours, and social media platforms. Some hailed Wike for standing up to military arrogance; others scolded him for perceived disrespect to the armed forces. Yet beneath the noise lies a deeper question about what sort of society we are building and whether power in Nigeria truly understands the limits of its own reach.
It is tragic that, more than two decades into civil rule, the relationship between the civilian arm of government and the military remains fragile and poorly understood. The presence of soldiers in a land dispute between private individuals and the city administration is, by all civic standards, an aberration. It recalls a dark era when might was right, and uniforms conferred immunity against accountability.
Wike’s anger, even if fiery, was rooted in a legitimate concern: that no individual, however connected or retired, should deploy the military to protect personal interests. That sentiment echoes the fundamental democratic creed that the law is supreme, not personalities. If his passion overshot decorum, it was perhaps a reflection of a nation weary of impunity.
On the other hand, the soldier in question is a symbol of another truth: that discipline, respect for order, and duty to hierarchy are ingrained in our armed forces. He may have been caught between conflicting instructions one from his superiors, another from a civilian minister exercising his lawful authority. The confusion points not to personal failure but to institutional dysfunction.
It is, therefore, simplistic to turn the incident into a morality play of good versus evil.
*********”**** What happened was an institutional embarrassment. Both men represented facets of the same failing system a polity still learning how to reconcile authority with civility, law with loyalty, and service with restraint.
In fairness, Wike has shown himself as a man of uncommon courage. Whether in Rivers State or at the FCTA, he does not shy away from confrontation. Yet courage without composure often feeds misunderstanding. A public officer must always be the cooler head, even when provoked, because the power of example outweighs the satisfaction of winning an argument.
Conversely, soldiers, too, must be reminded that their uniforms do not place them above civilian oversight. The military exists to defend the nation, not to enforce property claims or intimidate lawful authorities. Their participation in purely civil matters corrodes the image of the institution and erodes public trust.
One cannot overlook the irony: in a country where kidnappers roam highways and bandits sack villages, armed men are posted to guard contested land in the capital. It reflects misplaced priorities and distorted values. The Nigerian soldier, trained to defend sovereignty, should not be drawn into private or bureaucratic tussles.
Sycophancy remains the greatest ailment of our political culture. Many of those who now cheer one side or the other do so not out of conviction but out of convenience. Tomorrow they will switch allegiance. True patriotism lies not in defending personalities but in defending principles. A people enslaved by flattery cannot nurture a culture of justice.
The Nigerian elite must learn to submit to the same laws that govern the poor. When big men fence off public land and use connections to shield their interests, they mock the very constitution they swore to uphold. The FCT, as the mirror of national order, must not become a jungle where only the powerful can build.
The lesson for Wike himself is also clear: power is best exercised with calmness. The weight of his office demands more than bravery; it demands statesmanship. To lead is not merely to command, but to persuade — even those who resist your authority.
Equally, the lesson for the armed forces is that professionalism shines brightest in restraint. Obedience to illegal orders is not loyalty; it is complicity. The soldier who stands on the side of justice protects both his honour and the dignity of his uniform.
The Presidency, too, must see this episode as a wake-up call to clarify institutional boundaries. If soldiers can be drawn into civil enforcement without authorization, then our democracy remains at risk of subtle militarization. The constitution must speak louder than confusion.
The Nigerian public deserves better than spectacles of ego. We crave leaders who rise above emotion and officers who respect civilian supremacy. Our children must not inherit a nation where authority means shouting matches and intimidation in public glare.
Every democracy matures through such tests. What matters is whether we learn the right lessons. The British once had generals who defied parliament; the Americans once fought over states’ rights; Nigeria, too, must pass through her own growing pains but with humility, not hubris.
If the confrontation has stirred discomfort, then perhaps it has done the nation some good. It forces a conversation long overdue: Who truly owns the state — the citizen or the powerful? Can we build a Nigeria where institutions, not individuals, define our destiny?
As the dust settles, both the FCTA and the military hierarchy must conduct impartial investigations. The truth must be established — not to shame anyone, but to restore order. Where laws were broken, consequences must follow. Where misunderstandings occurred, apologies must be offered.
Let the rule of law triumph over the rule of impulse. Let civility triumph over confrontation. Let governance return to the path of dialogue and procedure.
Nigeria cannot continue to oscillate between civilian bravado and military arrogance. Both impulses spring from the same insecurity — the fear of losing control. True leadership lies in the ability to trust institutions to do their work without coercion.
Those who witnessed the clash saw a drama of two gladiators. One in starched khaki, one in well-cut suit. Both proud, both unyielding. But a nation cannot be built on stubbornness; it must be built on understanding. Power, when it meets power, should produce order, not chaos.
We must resist the temptation to glorify temper. Governance is not warfare; it is stewardship. The citizen watches, the world observes, and history records. How we handle moments like this will define our collective maturity.
The confrontation may have ended without violence, but it left deep questions in the national conscience. When men of authority quarrel in the open, institutions tremble. The people, once again, become spectators in a theatre of misplaced pride.
It is time for all who hold office — civilian or military — to remember that they serve under the same flag. That flag is neither khaki nor political colour; it is green-white-green, and it demands humility.
No victor, no vanquish only a lesson for a nation still learning to govern itself with dignity.
By; King Onunwor
