Opinion
The Trouble In Sudan
Sudan is a republic in the North-East of Africa. lts capital is Khartoum. The country has a population of about 28 million. Its resources include livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, camels and donkeys.
Others are cotton, peanuts, hides and skins, and petroleum. Its current leader is Omar Hassan Ahmed al-Bashir. He came to power through a military coup in the 1980s. Northern Sudan is mainly populated by Arabs while the South is inhabited by blacks, and mostly Christians.
However, Sudan came to the limelight in 1983 when the then president of the country, Jafaar Nimeri imposed Islamic Sharia law on the whole of Sudan without regard for other religious such as Christianity and animism of Southern Sudan. The imposition of Sharia law could not be tolerated by the southerners who are mainly Christians and animists.
Consequently, there was a mutiny by about 500 southern soldiers in the South. Following this development, Colonel John Garang, who was a southerner from the Dinka ethnic group was placed at the head of a unit to quell the mutiny in the South.
But instead of quelling the mutiny, Colonel Garang joined the mutineers and became their leader in the fight against the Northern Sudan Islamic Government which had been suppressing the Southern black Sudanese. This set in motion the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA). The main aim of the latter is to resist the suppression of the Northern Arabs. This was the beginning of the Sudanese liberation war which lasted more than 20 years.
Colonel Garang, instead of taking orders from his superior officers in Khartoum, went on to stoke the embers of mutiny in all the segments of Southern Sudan. He succeeded in mobilising the southern Christians and animist, and pitched them against the Muslim Arabs of the North. In the war that ensued, millions of people were killed. In fact, between 1983 and 2005 when a peace agreement was signed, more than two million peopled as a result of the Sudanese People Liberation’s War.
The lesson for rulers in the foregoing account is that no head of government or head of state should impose his culture and religion on people who have their own way of life. They should be allowed to develop their culture, tradition and religion. To impose a foreign way of life on a people will generate resistance that will lead to far-reaching consequences as we witnessed in Sudan.
As already stated, the civil war in Sudan lasted more than 20 years, and it consumed millions of innocent lives and properties. Governmental power should always be exercised with caution.
In any case, after the peace agreement brokered mainly by the African Union and the United Nations, Colonel John Garang was sworn in as the Vice President of Sudan in a Government of National Unity on July 9, 2005.
But after three weeks of his swearing in, John Garang died in an alleged helicopter crash in the Southern Sudan while returning from Uganda. He had gone to Uganda to visit the President of that country, Mr Yuweri Musoveni. However, some people suspected that he was killed by the powers that be in Sudan. Nonetheless, an investigative panel was set up to find out the cause of his death.
Indeed, since his death there had been a lot of developments in Sudan. One of these developments, was the decision by the South, through a referendum, to secede from the North. Because of this, the South will be fully independent on July 9, 2011. But there is currently a troubling incident in Southern Sudan.
According to reports, the Southern Sudanese town of Abyei was invaded and captured by Northern Sudanese troops on the orders of President al-Bashir. Following this, the town was set on fire. Apart from this, properties worth millions of naira were looted by the invading troops.
It would be recalled that Northern Sudan is also claiming Abyei. The latter, it should be underscored, is rich in petroleum resources.
In a statement, the United Nations Mission in Sudan said it strongly condemned the burning and looting currently going on in Abyei. It urged the Sudanese government to withdraw its forces from Abyei. The United Nations further urged the government in Khartoum to intervene and stop the criminal acts being perpetrated by its forces.
Meanwhile, more than 20,000 citizens of Abyei have fled their town, thereby creating humanitarian problem. In its response, the Sudanese government said it acted after 22 of its men were killed in a southern ambush on May 20, 2011.
From all indications, the bone of contention is the oil-rich town of Abyei. Both South and North Sudan claim the town. However, it would be stressed that the only available option for settlement of this dispute over Abyei is a referendum in the disputed town.
The indigenes of the place should be asked where they want to belong. When this is decided through a referendum, then the decision should be enforced by either the African Union or the Untied Nations Organisation. There should be no more bloodbath in the Sudan.
Dr Tolofari, a Distinguished Fellow, Institute of Corporate Administration of Nigeria, resides in Port Harcourt.
Mann Tolofari
Opinion
Wike VS Soldier’s Altercation: Matters Arising
The events that unfolded in Abuja on Tuesday November 11, 2025 between the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Chief Nyesom Wike and a detachment of soldiers guarding a disputed property, led by Adams Yerima, a commissioned Naval Officer, may go down as one of the defining images of Nigeria’s democratic contradictions. It was not merely a quarrel over land. It was a confrontation between civil authority and the military legacy that still hovers over our national life.
Nyesom Wike, fiery and fearless as always, was seen on video exchanging words with a uniformed officer who refused to grant him passage to inspect a parcel of land alleged to have been illegally acquired. The minister’s voice rose, his temper flared, and the soldier, too, stood his ground, insisting on his own authority. Around them, aides, security men, and bystanders watched, stunned, as two embodiments of the Nigerian state clashed in the open.
The images spread fast, igniting debates across drawing rooms, beer parlours, and social media platforms. Some hailed Wike for standing up to military arrogance; others scolded him for perceived disrespect to the armed forces. Yet beneath the noise lies a deeper question about what sort of society we are building and whether power in Nigeria truly understands the limits of its own reach.
It is tragic that, more than two decades into civil rule, the relationship between the civilian arm of government and the military remains fragile and poorly understood. The presence of soldiers in a land dispute between private individuals and the city administration is, by all civic standards, an aberration. It recalls a dark era when might was right, and uniforms conferred immunity against accountability.
Wike’s anger, even if fiery, was rooted in a legitimate concern: that no individual, however connected or retired, should deploy the military to protect personal interests. That sentiment echoes the fundamental democratic creed that the law is supreme, not personalities. If his passion overshot decorum, it was perhaps a reflection of a nation weary of impunity.
On the other hand, the soldier in question is a symbol of another truth: that discipline, respect for order, and duty to hierarchy are ingrained in our armed forces. He may have been caught between conflicting instructions one from his superiors, another from a civilian minister exercising his lawful authority. The confusion points not to personal failure but to institutional dysfunction.
It is, therefore, simplistic to turn the incident into a morality play of good versus evil.
*********”**** What happened was an institutional embarrassment. Both men represented facets of the same failing system a polity still learning how to reconcile authority with civility, law with loyalty, and service with restraint.
In fairness, Wike has shown himself as a man of uncommon courage. Whether in Rivers State or at the FCTA, he does not shy away from confrontation. Yet courage without composure often feeds misunderstanding. A public officer must always be the cooler head, even when provoked, because the power of example outweighs the satisfaction of winning an argument.
Conversely, soldiers, too, must be reminded that their uniforms do not place them above civilian oversight. The military exists to defend the nation, not to enforce property claims or intimidate lawful authorities. Their participation in purely civil matters corrodes the image of the institution and erodes public trust.
One cannot overlook the irony: in a country where kidnappers roam highways and bandits sack villages, armed men are posted to guard contested land in the capital. It reflects misplaced priorities and distorted values. The Nigerian soldier, trained to defend sovereignty, should not be drawn into private or bureaucratic tussles.
Sycophancy remains the greatest ailment of our political culture. Many of those who now cheer one side or the other do so not out of conviction but out of convenience. Tomorrow they will switch allegiance. True patriotism lies not in defending personalities but in defending principles. A people enslaved by flattery cannot nurture a culture of justice.
The Nigerian elite must learn to submit to the same laws that govern the poor. When big men fence off public land and use connections to shield their interests, they mock the very constitution they swore to uphold. The FCT, as the mirror of national order, must not become a jungle where only the powerful can build.
The lesson for Wike himself is also clear: power is best exercised with calmness. The weight of his office demands more than bravery; it demands statesmanship. To lead is not merely to command, but to persuade — even those who resist your authority.
Equally, the lesson for the armed forces is that professionalism shines brightest in restraint. Obedience to illegal orders is not loyalty; it is complicity. The soldier who stands on the side of justice protects both his honour and the dignity of his uniform.
The Presidency, too, must see this episode as a wake-up call to clarify institutional boundaries. If soldiers can be drawn into civil enforcement without authorization, then our democracy remains at risk of subtle militarization. The constitution must speak louder than confusion.
The Nigerian public deserves better than spectacles of ego. We crave leaders who rise above emotion and officers who respect civilian supremacy. Our children must not inherit a nation where authority means shouting matches and intimidation in public glare.
Every democracy matures through such tests. What matters is whether we learn the right lessons. The British once had generals who defied parliament; the Americans once fought over states’ rights; Nigeria, too, must pass through her own growing pains but with humility, not hubris.
If the confrontation has stirred discomfort, then perhaps it has done the nation some good. It forces a conversation long overdue: Who truly owns the state — the citizen or the powerful? Can we build a Nigeria where institutions, not individuals, define our destiny?
As the dust settles, both the FCTA and the military hierarchy must conduct impartial investigations. The truth must be established — not to shame anyone, but to restore order. Where laws were broken, consequences must follow. Where misunderstandings occurred, apologies must be offered.
Let the rule of law triumph over the rule of impulse. Let civility triumph over confrontation. Let governance return to the path of dialogue and procedure.
Nigeria cannot continue to oscillate between civilian bravado and military arrogance. Both impulses spring from the same insecurity — the fear of losing control. True leadership lies in the ability to trust institutions to do their work without coercion.
Those who witnessed the clash saw a drama of two gladiators. One in starched khaki, one in well-cut suit. Both proud, both unyielding. But a nation cannot be built on stubbornness; it must be built on understanding. Power, when it meets power, should produce order, not chaos.
We must resist the temptation to glorify temper. Governance is not warfare; it is stewardship. The citizen watches, the world observes, and history records. How we handle moments like this will define our collective maturity.
The confrontation may have ended without violence, but it left deep questions in the national conscience. When men of authority quarrel in the open, institutions tremble. The people, once again, become spectators in a theatre of misplaced pride.
It is time for all who hold office — civilian or military — to remember that they serve under the same flag. That flag is neither khaki nor political colour; it is green-white-green, and it demands humility.
No victor, no vanquish only a lesson for a nation still learning to govern itself with dignity.
By; King Onunwor
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