Opinion
Checking Nigeria’s Rising Domestic Debt
Recently, the Debt Management Office (DMO), said in an annual report on its website that Nigeria’s external debt increased by 6.2 per cent to $3.95billion while domestic debt rose to $21.8billion from $17.7billion.
In the same vein, the nation’s total debt rose by 21 per cent in 2009 to $25.8billion, which represented 13.8 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the DMO report revealed.
It said that 85 per cent of the nation’s public borrowing was from the domestic market last year alone while 15 per cent came from abroad with the local component representing 83 per cent of total borrowing.
Since the former finance minister, and current Managing Director of the World Bank Group, Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala played a major role in Nigeria’s 2995 Paris Club debt relief deal; it would appear that the country has still not learnt to apply the brakes in both external and domestic borrowing.
Worried by the development, Okonjo-Iweala recently raised an alarm in which she warned that if the Federal Government does not watch the rising domestic debt profile, Nigeria’s growth may be stagnated.
Speaking to journalists during the 2010 World Bank/International Monetary Fund annual meetings two weeks ago in Washington, DC, the United States capital, the World Bank managing director said Nigeria must at the present level of domestic debt, stop its accumulation to prevent unfavourable consequences.
Clearly, not much has changed, post-2005, when Nigeria exited the debt trap. The conditions that led to that debilitating debt problem still exist, and Nigerians must resolve to address them comprehensively and patriotically.
One of the problems remains the near absolute dependence on oil revenue, which as it were, plays tricks on our economy. In one breath, the oil money encourages our bureaucrats to accumulate whatever debt they can, believing Nigeria can pay. In another breath, the fluctuating prices of crude oil in the international market, when it dips, throws a spanner in the works of our domestic planning, thus hindering national growth.
This makes the need for the diversification of the nation’s revenue sources an imperative, especially the development of the nation’s agricultural potentials, the manufacturing sector and exploitation of her mineral resources, with which, she is abundantly endowed.
The endemic corruption in the political class is another factor in the nation’s penchant for debt accumulation.
Since very few people in the corridors of power are there to serve, the majority, who are there to enrich themselves and their families, even to succeeding generations, unabashedly corner the commonwealth, thereby stunting national development and compounding the nation’s debt problems.
When our lawmakers at all levels corner the lion share of recurrent budgetary allocation, contracts are inflated, paid for up-front, and abandoned while capturing political power becomes the easiest way to wealth, then the nation’s finances must expectedly be in crisis.
In addition, the docility of the populace with regard to making public officials accountable is another factor in the management of the nation’s finances. Conditioned by the pervasive corruption in the land, the attitude of the average Nigerian to the corrupt and acquisitive tendencies of public office holders and politicians is ‘it is their turn, let them enjoy their loot’.
This must not be so. Intellectuals and civil society organizations, have a role to play here in collaborating with the media to raise critical questions on accountability by public office holders.
Perhaps, the most important factor in the debt management issue is the enormous cost of running the current democratic government. Obviously, more money is expended on recurrent expenditure than on capital projects.
Indeed, we have on hand a national crisis of the cost of governance, which should make government to reappraise its expenditure pattern so that it does not go borrowing to sustain profligate lifestyles of public office holders.
There is the need to sustain the economic fundamentals that would continue to make the Nigerian economy grow. There is the need for a fiscally prudent approach to the management of the nation’s resources.
Presently, a lot of spending is going on, and the nation’s fiscal deficit has risen from three per cent to six per cent of the GDP.
As Okonjo-Iweala warned, if accumulation is domestic debt is not stopped, private sector investment would be crowded out and the economy would be the worse for it.
Therefore, the minister of finance, and the governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria must be guided by Okonjo-Iweala’s warning to adopt measures to check internal borrowing and bring down the nation’s fiscal deficit.
The role of anti-graft agencies, including the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission, and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, remain relevant in checking the diversion and stealing of the nation’s fund, and bring public officers and others who defraud government and compound its financial problems to justice.
Above all, government is required to show the will to conduct business within the ambit of due process, and best practices while showing zero tolerance for those who, by their acquisitive tendencies, want to maroon the nation in economic stagnation and debt.
Donald Mike-Jaja
Opinion
Wike VS Soldier’s Altercation: Matters Arising
The events that unfolded in Abuja on Tuesday November 11, 2025 between the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Chief Nyesom Wike and a detachment of soldiers guarding a disputed property, led by Adams Yerima, a commissioned Naval Officer, may go down as one of the defining images of Nigeria’s democratic contradictions. It was not merely a quarrel over land. It was a confrontation between civil authority and the military legacy that still hovers over our national life.
Nyesom Wike, fiery and fearless as always, was seen on video exchanging words with a uniformed officer who refused to grant him passage to inspect a parcel of land alleged to have been illegally acquired. The minister’s voice rose, his temper flared, and the soldier, too, stood his ground, insisting on his own authority. Around them, aides, security men, and bystanders watched, stunned, as two embodiments of the Nigerian state clashed in the open.
The images spread fast, igniting debates across drawing rooms, beer parlours, and social media platforms. Some hailed Wike for standing up to military arrogance; others scolded him for perceived disrespect to the armed forces. Yet beneath the noise lies a deeper question about what sort of society we are building and whether power in Nigeria truly understands the limits of its own reach.
It is tragic that, more than two decades into civil rule, the relationship between the civilian arm of government and the military remains fragile and poorly understood. The presence of soldiers in a land dispute between private individuals and the city administration is, by all civic standards, an aberration. It recalls a dark era when might was right, and uniforms conferred immunity against accountability.
Wike’s anger, even if fiery, was rooted in a legitimate concern: that no individual, however connected or retired, should deploy the military to protect personal interests. That sentiment echoes the fundamental democratic creed that the law is supreme, not personalities. If his passion overshot decorum, it was perhaps a reflection of a nation weary of impunity.
On the other hand, the soldier in question is a symbol of another truth: that discipline, respect for order, and duty to hierarchy are ingrained in our armed forces. He may have been caught between conflicting instructions one from his superiors, another from a civilian minister exercising his lawful authority. The confusion points not to personal failure but to institutional dysfunction.
It is, therefore, simplistic to turn the incident into a morality play of good versus evil.
*********”**** What happened was an institutional embarrassment. Both men represented facets of the same failing system a polity still learning how to reconcile authority with civility, law with loyalty, and service with restraint.
In fairness, Wike has shown himself as a man of uncommon courage. Whether in Rivers State or at the FCTA, he does not shy away from confrontation. Yet courage without composure often feeds misunderstanding. A public officer must always be the cooler head, even when provoked, because the power of example outweighs the satisfaction of winning an argument.
Conversely, soldiers, too, must be reminded that their uniforms do not place them above civilian oversight. The military exists to defend the nation, not to enforce property claims or intimidate lawful authorities. Their participation in purely civil matters corrodes the image of the institution and erodes public trust.
One cannot overlook the irony: in a country where kidnappers roam highways and bandits sack villages, armed men are posted to guard contested land in the capital. It reflects misplaced priorities and distorted values. The Nigerian soldier, trained to defend sovereignty, should not be drawn into private or bureaucratic tussles.
Sycophancy remains the greatest ailment of our political culture. Many of those who now cheer one side or the other do so not out of conviction but out of convenience. Tomorrow they will switch allegiance. True patriotism lies not in defending personalities but in defending principles. A people enslaved by flattery cannot nurture a culture of justice.
The Nigerian elite must learn to submit to the same laws that govern the poor. When big men fence off public land and use connections to shield their interests, they mock the very constitution they swore to uphold. The FCT, as the mirror of national order, must not become a jungle where only the powerful can build.
The lesson for Wike himself is also clear: power is best exercised with calmness. The weight of his office demands more than bravery; it demands statesmanship. To lead is not merely to command, but to persuade — even those who resist your authority.
Equally, the lesson for the armed forces is that professionalism shines brightest in restraint. Obedience to illegal orders is not loyalty; it is complicity. The soldier who stands on the side of justice protects both his honour and the dignity of his uniform.
The Presidency, too, must see this episode as a wake-up call to clarify institutional boundaries. If soldiers can be drawn into civil enforcement without authorization, then our democracy remains at risk of subtle militarization. The constitution must speak louder than confusion.
The Nigerian public deserves better than spectacles of ego. We crave leaders who rise above emotion and officers who respect civilian supremacy. Our children must not inherit a nation where authority means shouting matches and intimidation in public glare.
Every democracy matures through such tests. What matters is whether we learn the right lessons. The British once had generals who defied parliament; the Americans once fought over states’ rights; Nigeria, too, must pass through her own growing pains but with humility, not hubris.
If the confrontation has stirred discomfort, then perhaps it has done the nation some good. It forces a conversation long overdue: Who truly owns the state — the citizen or the powerful? Can we build a Nigeria where institutions, not individuals, define our destiny?
As the dust settles, both the FCTA and the military hierarchy must conduct impartial investigations. The truth must be established — not to shame anyone, but to restore order. Where laws were broken, consequences must follow. Where misunderstandings occurred, apologies must be offered.
Let the rule of law triumph over the rule of impulse. Let civility triumph over confrontation. Let governance return to the path of dialogue and procedure.
Nigeria cannot continue to oscillate between civilian bravado and military arrogance. Both impulses spring from the same insecurity — the fear of losing control. True leadership lies in the ability to trust institutions to do their work without coercion.
Those who witnessed the clash saw a drama of two gladiators. One in starched khaki, one in well-cut suit. Both proud, both unyielding. But a nation cannot be built on stubbornness; it must be built on understanding. Power, when it meets power, should produce order, not chaos.
We must resist the temptation to glorify temper. Governance is not warfare; it is stewardship. The citizen watches, the world observes, and history records. How we handle moments like this will define our collective maturity.
The confrontation may have ended without violence, but it left deep questions in the national conscience. When men of authority quarrel in the open, institutions tremble. The people, once again, become spectators in a theatre of misplaced pride.
It is time for all who hold office — civilian or military — to remember that they serve under the same flag. That flag is neither khaki nor political colour; it is green-white-green, and it demands humility.
No victor, no vanquish only a lesson for a nation still learning to govern itself with dignity.
By; King Onunwor
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