The Minister of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nyesom Wike, is indeed an action taker, so bold in his speech and action.  His last Monday’s announcement of his short, medium, and long-term plans to overhaul the FCT so as to restore its master plan and reposition it among the best cities in Africa surely unrattled many residents of the FCT, particularly estate developers and those unsure of the status of their property. According to the minister, “It is not going to be business as usual. Those distorting Abuja Master Plan: if you build where you are not supposed to, the building will go down. “If you build on a green area, sorry, it will go down. Those who were allocated land and refused to develop them, we will revoke such lands and re-allocate them to those who are ready to develop them. “Those who don’t pay ground rent, we will not notify them to do so, but I will not be tired of signing revocation notices. “Uncompleted buildings that have become a haven for criminals will be reclaimed by the government and put them to good use.
“He went further to announce that the government would no longer tolerate the indiscriminate operation of markets and motor parks by the roadside and that people selling goods and wares under the umbrella by roadside, illegal motor parks and bus stops would no longer be tolerated, as they constitute part of the security challenge in the FCT. He said there will be no hiding place for land speculators and warned land allottees in the FCT, who are yet to develop them, to do so or risk having their allocations revoked. Motorcycle and tricycle operators would be banned from the city and an end be put to open grazing within the capital city, he further announced. The press conference was hardly over when the video clip went viral on the WhatsApp platforms of so many estates with messages like, “The Chief Landlord of Abuja has spoken. Let us regularise as soon as possible; the new FCT minister has passed a very important message to us in the FCT. Let us do the needful oo,” and so on.
While some people were happy about the audacious pronouncements of the new sheriff in town and looked for a rapid infrastructural development during his administration, others claimed that his speech lacked the mention of his vision for the FCT and that he was existing on the error of the past leader of the FCT. Some others found fault with the delivery of the message, saying it lacked decorum and civility. One thing that cannot be taken away from the immediate past governor of Rivers State is his knack for infrastructural development. The infrastructural development of Port Harcourt during his government says it all. And many believe that that must have played a role in his emergence as the FCT minister. Restoration of the master plan of the nation’s capital is a must task if we must have a well-organised, functional, and aesthetically pleasing city as was designed by the International Planning Associates (IPA) and the renowned Japanese architect, Kenzo Tange.
A beautifully planned cosmopolitan capital city it is, but deviations from the masterplan due to rapid urbanisation, improper zoning, and unauthorised construction and many others are taking the shine off it. The rapid growth of Abuja’s population is alarming. The insecurity across the country and other factors have led to the daily influx of people in the city. This has led to increased demand for housing, infrastructure, and services. This has resulted in unplanned and haphazard development that disregards the original masterplan. The insufficient infrastructure to cater for the rising population, coupled with the high cost of the existing ones must have contributed to the proliferation of informal settlements. Ordinarily, the several regulatory bodies like the Federal Capital Development Authority (FCDA), the Federal Capital Territory Administration (FCTA), should have ensured that the property developers sticked to the original master plan and that the defacing of the capital city did not occur but corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies within the governmental bodies often resulted in inconsistent decision-making and the approval of projects that did not adhere to the masterplan.
Inadequate enforcement of zoning laws, building codes, and urban planning regulations has allowed unauthorised construction and illegal developments to take over the city, contributing to the chaotic urban sprawl. A place like Gwarinpa which is meant to be a residential area with a few shops to cater for the needs of the residents, has been practically turned to business area, with many former residential buildings being turned to plazas.Land speculation, as pointed out by the minister is a very big issue in Abuja. This encourages developers to prioritise construction speed and profit over adherence to the masterplan’s guidelines. Abuja is a place where virtually everybody is into land business. Many of these racketeers, constantly defraud innocent people seeking to own houses of their own.
Two months ago, there was a newspaper report of how a land grabber and Managing Director of Zoe New Dawn Nigeria Limited, Stephen Achama, allegedly connived with top officials of the Development Control, Abuja Geographical Information System (AGIS) and police officers to defraud unsuspecting Nigerians to the tune of N5 billion in Abuja, the nation’s capital. So, restoring Abuja to its masterplan is inevitable, but it goes beyond pulling down buildings and chasing away road side sellers. It requires a comprehensive approach that involves strengthening regulations, improving enforcement mechanisms, raising public awareness, investing in infrastructure, promoting sustainable development practices, and involving the community in urban planning decisions. Reacting to Wike’s announcement, someone said that some retired and dead top civil servants must be brought to account for the monies they collected from people and gave them approvals to build at unapproved places. That is true These unapproved buildings and estates did not spring up overnight. The authorities saw them being developed and did nothing or probably collected some bribe and looked the other way until they got completed and have been in use for several years. It takes two to tango. So, if the buildings must go down, the approving, monitoring and supervising authorities must be punished as well.
The legal framework should be strengthened to enforce adherence to the masterplan in accordance with the rule of law. This might involve updating zoning laws, building codes, and regulations to ensure that any new development aligned with the original vision and ensure strict adherence to the zoning regulations specified in the masterplan. Ensure that different areas of the city were designated for their intended purposes, such as residential, commercial, recreational, and governmental zones. The FCT administration under Wike should focus on developing and maintaining the necessary infrastructure and services, including roads, public transportation, utilities, green spaces, and public facilities, in accordance with the masterplan. They must be intentional about implementing strategies to manage urban growth and prevent unplanned expansion. This could include controlling population density, regulating building heights, and preserving open spaces, not forgetting provision of necessary amenities and infrastructure to the satellite towns.
Urban growth management can further be achieved through establishment of mechanisms for ongoing monitoring and enforcement of the masterplan. This may involve regular assessments, inspections, and penalties for violations. Most importantly, there must be a reorientation of the civil servants that will drive this change to toe the line of honesty and integrity instead of seeing their duties as a way to enrich themselves.Most importantly, the FCT administration should develop a long-term vision for the continued development of Abuja that aligns with the original masterplan, including regular revisit and update of the plan to accommodate changing needs and circumstances. A fire  brigade approach to the issue may not produce the desired result. It is also important to note that without a deliberate effort by both states and the federal government to tackle insecurity challenges across the country, the infrastructural deficit in many states, more people will continue to relocate to the FCT, which is considered to be relatively secured and can boast of some standard infrastructure. The efforts at restoring the Abuja masterplan  and preserving the original vision might therefore bear no lasting result.

By: Calista Ezeaku