Opinion
Ebola: A Case For Proactive Measures
At a time when the Nige
rian nation is still struggling and battling with the heart-breaking menace of the current various acts of terrorism bedevilling our beloved country which have been unfortunately defying every strategised solution, another deadly and silently permeating terrorist is threatening entrance into the fabrics of the nation by all means. As a result, the Ebolaphobia has enveloped the whole nation. Worse than any other known epidemic in the African continent, the Ebola virus kills within days of attack even without waiting for confirmation of symptoms.
Although the reality of the dreaded Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is currently more of potentiality than actuality in Nigeria, the consciousness is on the increase. Thanks to the timely red-alert by the media. Proactive measures are thus very imperative in dealing with this green-eyed monster before it gains its irredeemable ground in the country. Good enough, the Federal Government and the Federal Ministry of health have shown reasonable proactive interest in fighting against the outbreak of the fatal Ebola fever in the country. More and continued awareness need to be created.
The news of the detection, hospitalisation and eventual death of the Liberian Patrick Sawyer from the dreaded Ebola fever after being quarantined in a private hospital in Lagos upon arrival in Nigeria, as the symptoms were suspected, has sent panic, anxiety and cold shivering down the marrows of the authorities and the general public of Nigeria. Could it be that this monster disease is now imported into Nigeria?
However, the 40-year old Mr. Sawyer arrived Lagos from Liberia on Wednesday 23-07-14 enroute Calabar for ECOW AS meeting. Suspected of Ebola fever, he was taken to the hospital for proper diagnosis and treatment. And he died of Ebola on Friday 25-07-14 in spite of placing him on intensive care. Thus the first Ebola case has been recorded in Nigeria by a foreigner. Could it be that some of those who boarded the same plane with him are now infected? However, the disclosure by the Health Minister, Prof. Onyebuchi Chukwu, that contacts have been made with the airline and the passengers that travelled with Mr Sawyer for proper monitoring to check possible spread of the disease makes one heave a sigh of relief.
Be that as it may, there is the urgent need for the government and various relevant agencies to expedite action with different forms of proactive measures to forestall the invasion and possible spread of this deadly virus. There is need for a constant and thorough awareness-creating that the general public be updated with information regarding this monster. It is thus pertinent to restate herein basic information from experts regarding this Ebola disease whose current outbreak is said to be more deadly than the first outbreak and has claimed much more lives in some West African countries like Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. In these countries, the virus is ravaging scores of human lives.
What really is this Ebola virus? The Ebola virus is a malignant micro organism that causes the Ebola disease – also called Ebola hemorrhagic fever or simply, Ebola fever. This Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a rare and often fatal illness that humans and nonhuman primates (such as monkeys, Chimpanzees, bats and gorillas) can easily contract. There have been several outbreaks of Ebola fever in Africa.
The Ebola virus was first discovered in 1976 in Zaire now Democratic Republic of Congo. The virus as named after the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where it was first discovered. It has appeared in sporadic outbreaks since then. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there have been 2,265 reported cases of Ebola fever in humans around the world since 1976. Of these, 1,531 resulted in death.
The virus is, however, not peculiar to Africa. It is said to be found in Africa and the Philippines.
But the virus from the Philippines does not cause illness in humans.
With regard to the mode of transmission, the Ebola virus is contracted through direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected animal or human. These fluids include blood, saliva, semen, vomit, urine, or faeces. Handling a sick or dead wild animal or human that has been infected with it can also lead to infection, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).
The mystery is that once the virus is contracted, it shows the immediate sign like every other simple fever which makes its immediate detection difficult. The first stage of symptoms displayed by this include: fever, headache, sore thraot, joint and muscle soreness and weakness. However, as the Ebola fever progresses, the symptoms become more severe. The later stage symptoms may include: vomiting, diarrhea, redness in the eye, swelling of the genitals, internal and external bleeding (through the eyes, nose, ears, mouth or rectum), there could also be bleeding and rashes all over the body.
These symptoms can only last between two and twenty-one (21) days and the victim dies. The effect of the Ebola virus is so dangerous that 90 per cent of all infected persons are more likely to die, according to experts.
There has for now not been any known cure for Ebola fever. What is available now are only some treatment that can alleviate and ease the symptoms and also ameliorate or reduce the acceleration of mobility. These include: Oxygen therapy; intravenous fluids, blood transfusions, medcations to treat shock and pain medications. These are the only available situation according to medical experts.
Therefore, prevention remains the best option. This prevention is best achieved by utmost carefulness and avoidance of contact with infected animals or humans. This implies avoiding locations where Ebola fever is found, especially when there is an outbreak. Handling of living or dead wild animals should be avoided as one can never eaily detect infection. Customers of Bush meat should know this.
Care-givers in hospitals should be well protected. masks and gloves that are impemeable to fluids should be used as barrier nursing aids, so that they don’t pick the virus and transfer to their families.
May this initial tempo of the proactive measures by the Federal Government and the Ministry of Health with regard to the Ebola fever be sustained and extended to the grassroots. The role of the media in this campaign can never be over-emphasised as they remain the mirrow of the society for awareness.
Ejichike is a student of CIWA, Port Harcourt.
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