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2026 CBT for SSCE: How Feasible?

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The Federal Government’s audacious ambition to fully switch to Computer-Based Testing (CBT) for the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) and National Examinations Council (NECO) examinations by 2026 is a tall order that deserves a thorough reality check.
In April, the Minister of Education, Dr Tunji Alausa, issued a directive instructing WAEC and NECO to fully implement CBT by the May/June 2026 examination cycle. The plan is to kick things off with objective papers in November, then expand to include both objective and essay components by 2026.
While the drive towards modernisation is, in itself, a welcome idea, the timeline seems overly ambitious, bordering on wishful thinking. Frankly, unless state and local governments roll up their sleeves and invest significantly in critical education infrastructure, this vision is unlikely to get off the ground. The burden lies squarely on the shoulders of all 36 state governors and the Minister of the Federal Capital Territory to ensure that senior secondary schools are equipped with fully functional computer labs powered by solar energy. No half measures.
Even more pressing is the dire need for digitally literate teachers and trained computer instructors. Currently, around 70 per cent of students lack even basic computer skills. The situation is far worse in rural areas, where the infrastructure is practically non-existent. As of 2018, a mere six per cent of public primary schools had computers, compared to 52 per cent of their private counterparts — a glaring digital divide that threatens to leave the most vulnerable pupils further behind.
If this is not urgently addressed, pupils in underserved communities may find themselves out in the cold, with their chances of fair assessment hanging by a thread. Nigeria’s literacy rate stood at 69 per cent in 2022, but that figure masks deep inequalities between urban and rural areas. The cracks in the country’s educational foundation are all too visible.
To many, this sweeping CBT mandate seems like yet another case of “all motion, no movement.” While CBT could, in theory, improve how public exams are conducted, the grim reality is that Nigeria’s schools are simply not equipped to make it work. As of 2019, more than seven million students were enrolled in both public and private junior secondary schools, with over 13,000 public schools serving five million students — yet the quality of infrastructure varies wildly.
It is high time the government got its house in order. Improving learning conditions must take precedence before WAEC and NECO can reasonably shift to CBT. This is not the time for grandstanding or political showboating. To avoid another policy disaster, the necessary groundwork must be laid properly and promptly.
Public education in Nigeria has long been in the doldrums, plagued by policy flip-flops and years of neglect. Many secondary schools still lack basic classrooms, with students forced to learn under trees or in crumbling structures with next to no facilities. Jumping headfirst into digital exams without fixing these core issues is like putting the cart before the horse.
Even JAMB, which moved to CBT over a decade ago, still leans heavily on privately-owned computer centres to conduct the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME). That reliance has led to a litany of technical hiccups and logistical nightmares for candidates year after year. This year’s outing was particularly shambolic. It is a stark reminder that poor planning leads to poor outcomes.
The hard truth is that, under current conditions, a full transition to CBT for WAEC and NECO is more likely to stir up a hornet’s nest than solve existing problems. The chaos surrounding the delayed English language paper in the last WASSCE is a case in point. Some are even calling for its cancellation. The government’s insistence on pushing ahead with this plan raises questions about whether students’ best interests are truly being served or whether something else is afoot.
To see real progress, governments at all levels must put their money where their mouth is by injecting serious funding into public education and making it both accessible and affordable for every child. Nigeria’s goal of reaching 95 per cent digital literacy by 2030 only adds urgency to this call. Without adequate infrastructure, that goal will remain a pipe dream.
Equally important is the need to democratise decision-making in the education sector. This means actively involving students, parents, teachers, and their unions, not simply handing down directives from on high.
At the end of the day, the 2026 CBT rollout appears to ignore the elephant in the room: the woeful state of Nigeria’s public education system. Without massive investment in infrastructure, robust teacher training, and real commitment from the powers that be, the CBT dream may end up as yet another white elephant, a flashy policy that fails to make any lasting difference to the lives of Nigeria’s students.
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Editorial

UNIPORT @50: Celebrating Excellence

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The University of Port Harcourt’s Golden Jubilee celebration, which commenced on 21st July, was concluded yes
terday. With the theme “Celebrating 50 Years of Excellence,” the week-long event offered a reflective look at the institution’s extraordinary transformation—from its humble beginnings in 1975 as a budding academic centre to its present status as a symbol of scholarly excellence in Nigeria and beyond. Founded by the Federal Government as University College, Port Harcourt, it attained full university status in 1977, true to its guiding motto, “For Enlightenment and Self-Reliance.”
This institution has been instrumental in shaping Nigeria’s educational landscape. Its leadership journey began with the pioneering efforts of its first Vice-Chancellor, Professor Donald Ekong, who served from 1977 to 1982. During his tenure, he established the academic foundation and values that have continued to guide the university. Successive administrations have built upon this legacy, with the current Vice-Chancellor, Professor Owunari Georgewill, carrying the torch of visionary leadership.
Over the past five decades, the University of Port Harcourt (UNIPORT) has blossomed into a veritable melting pot of disciplines, celebrated for its impressive research output and unwavering contributions to national development. What began in 1977 with a modest six schools evolved into a full-fledged faculty system by 1982, a strategic shift designed to accommodate its expanding academic programmes and swelling student population. This transformation is a testament to the university’s ability to move with the times and keep its finger on the pulse of higher education.
UNIPORT was established during a period when the nation’s leaders recognised the pressing need to widen access to tertiary education. Its founding vision was not simply to churn out graduates, but to cultivate thinkers, innovators, and nation-builders. Through thick and thin, the institution has remained steadfast to this noble mission, undeterred by the challenges that have inevitably come its way.
The university’s commitment to fostering goodwill with its host communities, such as Choba and Aluu, speaks volumes. Recent visits by the Governing Council, under the leadership of Senator Mao Ohuabunwo, highlight a hands-on approach to building bridges and strengthening these crucial relationships. After all, maintaining a strong social licence to operate is no walk in the park and requires constant effort and engagement.
UNIPORT’s pursuit of academic excellence has not gone unnoticed on the international stage. In 2015, the university pulled off a remarkable coup when “Times Higher Education” ranked it sixth in Africa and first in Nigeria – a feather in its cap and a clear endorsement of its commitment to quality education, ground-breaking research, and innovation. This accolade has firmly cemented its standing among the continent’s foremost academic powerhouses.
Its research achievements have been nothing short of transformative, particularly in fields such as health, petroleum exploration, and environmental sciences. The trailblazing innovations of the Central Instrument Laboratory, showcased during World Laboratory Day 2025, underline its critical role in pushing scientific boundaries. Today, its reputation as Nigeria’s top research institution stands as incontrovertible proof of its intellectual mettle.
Since July 2021, the university has been under the astute leadership of Professor Georgewill, whose tenure has been marked by far-reaching initiatives aimed at raising the bar in academics, research, and community service. His administration has been keen to leave no stone unturned in enhancing the university’s global profile.
With 14 faculties and more than 60,000 students, UNIPORT has produced an army of distinguished graduates – from Masters and PhD holders excelling worldwide to public figures of national prominence. Among its illustrious alumni are former President Goodluck Jonathan, ex-Rivers State governors Chibuike Amaechi and Nyesom Wike, as well as Abia State Governor Alex Otti. The Theatre Arts Department has also given Nigeria some of its brightest Nollywood stars, including Rita Dominic, Sam Dede, and Hilda Dokubo, who have all added rich hues to the country’s cultural tapestry.
The university’s legacy is further enriched by the scholarship of eminent academics such as Professor Ebiegberi J. Alagoa, renowned historian and former vice-chancellor, Professor Kelsey Harrison, the acclaimed gynaecologist and former vice-chancellor, and the late intellectual giants, Professors Ola Rotimi, Kay Williamson, Nimi Briggs, and Claude Ake. Their enduring contributions have ensured UNIPORT remains a cradle of intellectual brilliance.
Yet, it would be remiss to ignore the hurdles ahead. Infrastructure development, though ongoing, often feels like watching paint dry. The Senate Building’s relocation from Delta Park to University Park marks some progress, but facilities such as the crumbling University Crab and the overstretched teaching hospital are crying out for attention. A shortage of lecture halls, classrooms, and hostels continues to hamper the learning experience. The golden jubilee is, therefore, a golden opportunity to tackle these gaps head-on and set UNIPORT on a path to global prominence.
As this Ivory Tower celebrates its 50th anniversary, it must also take stock and look to the future with a bold vision. To climb the global university rankings, it needs to invest strategically in world-class research, digital education, and international collaborations with top-tier institutions.
We call upon the Federal and Rivers State Governments, corporate organisations, and public-spirited individuals to rally behind UNIPORT’s renewal. A university that has shaped leaders of national and global stature should not be left to make bricks without straw; it deserves robust financial and infrastructural backing.
On this historic milestone, we heartily congratulate the University of Port Harcourt for half a century of service to Nigeria and humanity. The next fifty years should be marked by audacious ambitions, cutting-edge innovation, and an unrelenting pursuit of excellence. Here is to a golden past and an even brighter future, the best, as they say, is yet to come!

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Editorial

Benue Killings: Beyond Tinubu’s Visit

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The recent massacre in Yelewata, Benue State, ranks among Nigeria’s deadliest attacks of
2025. While official figures put the death toll at 59, media reports and Amnesty International estimate between 100 and 200 fatalities. This atrocity extends a decade-long pattern of violence in Nigeria’s Middle Belt, where Beacon Security data records 1,043 deaths in Benue alone between May 2023 and May 2025.
President Tinubu’s visit on 18 June—four days after the 14 June attack—has drawn sharp criticism for its lateness. This delay echoes a history of inadequate responses, with Human Rights Watch documenting similar inaction in Plateau and Kaduna states since 2013, fuelling a culture of impunity. The attack lasted over two hours without meaningful security intervention, despite claims of swift action.
The violence bore hallmarks of genocide, with survivors recounting systematic house burnings and executions. More than 2.2 million people have been displaced in the region since 2019 due to comparable attacks. Data show Benue’s agricultural output falls by 0.21 per cent in crops and 0.31 per cent in livestock for every 1 per cent rise in violence.
Security forces continue to underperform. No arrests were made following the Easter attacks in April (56 killed) or May’s Gwer West massacre (42 killed). During his visit, Tinubu questioned publicly why no suspects had been detained four days after Yelewata, highlighting entrenched accountability failures.
The roots of the conflict are complex, with climate change pushing northern herders south and 77 per cent of Benue’s population reliant on agriculture. A Tiv community leader described the violence as “calculated land-grabbing” rather than mere clashes, with over 500 deaths recorded since 2019.
Government interventions have largely fallen short. The 2018 federal task force and 2025 Forest Guards initiative failed to curb violence. Tinubu’s newly announced committee of ex-governors and traditional rulers has been met with scepticism given the litany of past unkept promises.
The economic fallout is severe. Benue’s status as Nigeria’s “food basket” is crumbling as farms are destroyed and farmers displaced. This worsens the nation’s food crisis, with hunger surges in 2023-2024 directly linked to farming disruptions caused by insecurity.
Citizens demanding justice have been met with force; protesters faced police tear gas, and the State Assembly conceded total failure in safeguarding lives, admitting that the governor, deputy, and 32 lawmakers had all neglected their constitutional responsibilities.
The massacre has drawn international condemnation. Pope Leo XIV decried the “terrible massacre,” while the UN called for an investigation. The hashtag “200 Nigerians” trended worldwide on X, with many contrasting Nigeria’s slow response to India’s swift action following a plane crash with similar fatalities.
Nigeria’s centralised security system is clearly overwhelmed. A single police force is tasked with covering 36 states and 774 local government areas for a population exceeding 200 million. Between 2021 and 2023 alone, 29,828 killings and 15,404 kidnappings were recorded nationally. Proposals for state police, floated since January 2025, remain stalled.
Other populous nations offer alternative models. Canada’s provincial police, India’s state forces, and Indonesia’s municipal units demonstrate the effectiveness of decentralised policing. Nigeria’s centralised structure creates intelligence and response gaps, worsened by the distance—both physical and bureaucratic—from Abuja to affected communities.
The immediate aftermath is dire: 21 IDP camps in Benue are overwhelmed, and a humanitarian crisis is deepening. The State Assembly declared three days of mourning (18-20 June), but survivors lack sufficient medical aid. Tragically, many of those killed were already displaced by earlier violence.
A lasting solution requires a multi-pronged approach, including targeted security deployment, regulated grazing land, and full enforcement of Benue’s 2017 Anti-Open Grazing Law. The National Economic Council’s failure to prioritise state police in May 2025 represents a missed chance for reform.
Without decisive intervention, trends suggest conditions will worsen. More than 20,000 Nigerians have been killed and 13,000 kidnapped nationwide in 2025 alone. As Governor Hyacinth Alia stressed during Tinubu’s visit, state police may be the only viable path forward. All 36 states have submitted proposals supporting decentralisation—a crucial step towards breaking Nigeria’s vicious cycle of violence.

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Editorial

Responding To Herders’ Threat In Rivers

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Community leaders in Etche Local Government Area (LGA) of Rivers State have raised the alarm over spiralling insecurity, rampant land encroachment, and the growing menace of herdsmen attacks that are devastating their communities.
At a recent stakeholders’ forum convened with state authorities and headed by the Commissioner of Police, Mr Olugbenga Adepoju, the leaders implored the Rivers State Government to act urgently. They warned that criminal activities have collapsed essential services, including healthcare and education, plunging residents into hardship.
Mr Adepoju, representing the Sole Administrator of Rivers State, Vice Admiral Ibok-Ete Ekwe Ibas (Rtd), visited Etche as part of a broader fact-finding mission aimed at evaluating community challenges and formulating targeted responses rooted in local feedback.
Hon. Onyenachi Nwankwor, Administrator of Etche LGA, underscored the intensifying threat posed by herdsmen. He reported that farmlands are being seized, with armed herders allegedly extorting inhabitants and presenting serious risks to lives and property.
Farmers have been uprooted from their ancestral lands, severing generational ties and undermining their livelihoods. The abandonment of fields jeopardises food security and frays social cohesion, inflaming tensions and stoking fears of escalating conflicts over land and resources.
Women of Ogoni ethnic nationality, particularly in Luusue Sogho, Khana LGA, have decried escalating herders’ attacks on their farms, which are upending livelihoods and engendering fear. The systematic destruction of crops erodes economic stability and imperils food security, worsening malnutrition.
Similarly, women farmers in Ejamah, Eleme LGA, protested the destruction of their crops. They carried remnants of ruined harvests to the Eleme Police Station in a desperate plea for justice and protection.
A particularly harrowing incident was recorded in Afam Uku, Oyigbo LGA, where herdsmen reportedly attacked farmers, leaving two dead. The assault also resulted in the destruction of crops and displacement of numerous farming families.
Despite the Open Rearing and Grazing (Prohibition) Law No. 5 of 2021 designed to curb open grazing, violations persist. There is renewed demand for rigorous enforcement, swift arrests, and prosecutions to send an unequivocal message that lawlessness will no longer be condoned.
With a state of emergency declared in Rivers State, the onus is on every indigene and resident to proactively prevent any escalation into a full-blown crisis. Complacency is not an option; vigilance and cooperation with authorities are paramount. Crucially, security operatives must understand the heightened sensitivity of the situation and act decisively to maintain law and order.
Security agents must actively monitor vulnerable areas, identify potential flashpoints, and intervene promptly to avert unrest. Timely and resolute action is vital to restoring normalcy and forestalling larger catastrophe.
A sustainable solution lies in transitioning from open grazing to ranching, supported by policy and funding. Additionally, local peace committees should spearhead dialogue and mediation. Only through concerted action, inclusive dialogue, and strict law enforcement can Rivers State build a future of peace and shared prosperity.
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