Opinion
Barbaric Act Called Circumcision
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) as defined by the World Health Organisation (WHO) includes all procedures which involve partial or total removal of the external female genital organs, whether for cultural or any other non therapeutic reasons.
FGM is of four types namely clitoridectomy which is type 1, type 11 or sunna, type 111 which is the infibulations and type iv.
Type 1 or the clitoridectomy involves the removal of the prepuce/hood of the clitoris and all or part of the clitoris. Here in Nigeria, this involves the cutting of only a part of the clitoris. It is predominant in the southern part of the country.
The sunna i.e type II involves the total removal of the clitoris along with partial or total cutting of the labia minora. The type 111 which is the infibulation is the most severe form of the FGM. It involves the removal of the clitoris, the labia minora and the stitching of the vaginal orifice, leaving an opening which may be the size of a pin head to allow for menstrual flow or urine.
The last type which is the type iv, includes activities such as introcision and gishiri cuts, pricking, piercing or incision of the clitoris and labia, scraping or cutting of the vagina (angrya cuts). More of this type are stretching of the clitoris and or labia, cauterization, the introduction of corrosive substances and herbs in the vagina and other forms.
FGM continues to trend in the country and the world at large despite past and ongoing efforts by various organisations in the world to end the barbaric act. Extreme forms of FGM such as the type II, III and IV are practiced in the northern part of Nigeria. But it is quite horrible that there is still no federal law in place banning FGM in Nigeria.
One prominent reason as to why FGM is practiced is a superstitious belief that such act preserves chastity, protect virginity and prevents promiscuity. There is also the erroneous notion that FGM will uphold family honour, ensure hygiene, counter failure of woman to attain orgasm, increase sexual pleasure of both partners and enhance fertility etc.
Those who indulge in this act are, however, ignorant of the horrible effects arising from FGM such as shock from pain and hemorrhage, infection, acute urinary retention emanating from trauma; damage to the urethra or anus during circumcision.
Other complications and effects include chronic pelvic infection, acquired gynastresia resulting in hematocolopos, vulval adhesions, dysmenorrhea, retention cysts and sexual difficulties with an orgasm, implantation demoid cysts and keloids and sexual dysfunction.
In view of these negative effects, it is imperative that the Federal Government institutes a legislation that will outrightly ban this harmful practice in the country.
Besides, it is high time Nigerian parents accepted the truth that female circumcision is not safe. The practice has no traditional relevance or value in the 21st century Nigeria. It is inhuman to subject our female children to such horrible torture and experience in the name of a custom or belief that has no scientific proof.
Everyone, therefore, needs to join hands with WHO and other organisations that say No to FGM. If we must save the future generation of our women, we must rise against this harmful practice called female circumcision. And the earlier we put an end to this act, the better for our society.
Uche wrote in from Federal Polytechnic, Nekede, Imo State.
Genevieve Uche
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