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Population And The Environment In Nigeria – TooBig To Go Green?

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The “Giant of Africa”, Nigeria is a country rich with natural resources, and the largest population on the continent with 219 million people. Africa’s giant is predicted to get even bigger, as the population is forecast to grow to 377 million people by 2050. However, its natural resources are already under strain, with rising carbon emissions and increasing deforestation.
As part of our series of blogs looking at Nigeria in preparation for our Population Conversation roundtable event next week, we ask: with a booming population, what lies ahead for Nigeria’s environment?
Nigeria has the biggest population and economy in Africa, with a population of 219 million. It’s predicted to overtake the US to become the world’s third most populated country by 2051. Nigeria’s rapid growth is the result of its large young population coming into child-bearing age, with currently half of the population under the age of 19. It’s home to some of Africa’s richest individuals, however stark wealth inequality divides the country, with two-thirds of the population below the poverty line.
Nigeria is a country incredibly susceptible to the effects of climate change. The capital city Lagos bordering on Nigeria’s coastline is vulnerable to rising sea levels. A UN report revealing that many communities in the Niger Delta have lost or fear losing their homes due to coastal erosion.
Rising global temperatures will also endanger Nigerians with an increasing frequency of heat waves. Nigeria’s Climate Risk profile predicts that more than 20% of the population will be exposed to heatwaves that are detrimental to human health. And the number of “very hot days” is set to increase by about 90 days in most regions.
Nigeria’s economy is predominantly built upon oil and gas exports, profits from fossil fuels accounting for 93% of Nigeria’s export revenue. Nigeria produced 129 metric tons of CO2 in 2023, the 4th highest emissions in Africa.
The bulk of Nigeria’s emissions are from oil and gas production, and the practice of “gas venting”, where unwanted gases surfaced during oil production – predominantly methane – are released into the atmosphere. Methane is a greenhouse gas 28 times more potent that carbon dioxide.
There is also “gas flaring”, the practice of burning off surfaced gases, releasing carbon dioxide as a by-product that contributes to emissions. An estimated 6.6 billion cubic metres of gas was flared in Nigeria in 2021 – making it the world’s seventh largest gas flarer.
Despite the massive production of oil and gas, Nigeria has one of the highest rates of energy poverty in the world. The World Economic Forum defines energy poverty as the ‘lack of access to modern energy services and products’, a situation where there is an absence of sufficient choice in accessing adequate, reliable, affordable, safe, and environmentally suitable energy services.
Lawson writes from Lagos.

By: Humphrey Lawson

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Environment

NIHSA Alert 17 States Over Flood

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The Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA) has issued a seven-day flood advisory, warning of a medium flood risk in 17 states between July 21 and July 27.

The agency said the alert followed rising water levels at key river monitoring stations, increasing the likelihood of localised flooding along river channels and floodplains.

NIHSA Director-General, Umar Mohammed, disclosed this in National Flood Advisory (Alert No. NFA-2026-200) issued on Tuesday.

He said the affected states are Adamawa, Bauchi, Benue, Borno, Edo, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Kebbi, Nasarawa, Niger, Plateau, Taraba, Yobe and Zamfara.

According to Mohammed, river levels at Saminara on the Karam River, Waya Dam Site on the Waya River and Amber on the Amber River had exceeded watch and warning thresholds.

He said 16 gauging stations nationwide were recording elevated river stages, placing nearby communities at risk of localised flooding.

Mohammed urged state governments, local authorities and residents of flood-prone communities to take precautionary measures immediately.

NIHSA said Bauchi had the highest exposure, with 1,841 communities, 145 schools, 101 health facilities and eight markets identified as vulnerable.

The agency also identified vulnerable communities and public facilities in Edo, Imo, Kaduna, Plateau and Benue states.

Mohammed urged the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA), State Emergency Management Agencies (SEMAs), local governments and community leaders to activate emergency response plans.

He recommended relocating residents, livestock and valuables from floodplains to safer locations

He also advised emergency agencies to pre-position food, medical supplies and water treatment materials in areas likely to be affected.

“The NIHSA boss called for community mobilisation through early warning volunteers and local communication channels to ensure timely dissemination of flood alerts.

He cautioned residents against walking, driving or riding through flooded roads, bridges and fast-flowing waterway.

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Environment

Abia State Environmental Sanitation Exercise Sees 80% Success

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A cleaner environment begins with collective responsibility. That commitment was evident across Umuahia on Saturday as thousands of residents turned out to participate in the July monthly environmental sanitation exercise, with officials describing the compliance level as one of the most encouraging in recent months. 

The impressive turnout has renewed hope that Abia’s campaign for a cleaner and healthier environment is steadily becoming a culture rather than a routine exercise.

The July monthly environmental sanitation exercise in Umuahia recorded about 80% compliance.

 The Abia State Ministry of Environment described the turnout as a strong indication that residents are embracing Governor Alex Otti’s vision for a cleaner, healthier and more sustainable environment, while calling for the establishment of Neighbourhood Environmental Watch groups to sustain the momentum.

The Abia State Government has commended residents of Umuahia for their impressive participation in the July monthly environmental sanitation exercise, describing the turnout as a strong indication that citizens are embracing the state’s campaign for a cleaner and healthier environment.

Speaking after monitoring the exercise across major parts of the Umuahia metropolis, the Permanent Secretary, Abia State Ministry of Environment, Mr. Ikechukwu Oriuwa, expressed satisfaction with the level of compliance and urged residents to sustain the momentum.

According to him, the success recorded during the exercise reflects growing public support for the environmental agenda of the Labour Party-led administration.

“I think, so far, so good. At this point, what we need to do is sustain the momentum. We should move forward with establishing a Neighbourhood Environmental Watch so that residents can monitor compliance and ensure the initiative is sustained,” he said.

Mr. Oriuwa further applauded both residents and the organisers for the success of the exercise.

“Well, I must say I am very impressed. I appreciate the organisers for putting this programme together. It has been highly impressive, and I believe participants have learnt a great deal. From what I have observed so far, everything has been well organised, and I think they are doing an excellent job. I encourage them to keep up the good work because programmes like this are beneficial to everyone,” he added.

The Permanent Secretary stressed that environmental sanitation should become a daily culture rather than an activity observed only on designated sanitation days.

Drawing from an Igbo proverb, he explained why communities must collectively protect their environment.

“An Igbo proverb says that a goat owned by the public often goes hungry. That is why establishing a Neighbourhood Environmental Watch is important. It will encourage residents to take collective responsibility for keeping their surroundings clean and ensuring that sanitation efforts are sustained.”

He also urged government agencies to strengthen enforcement by deploying environmental health officers to carry out routine inspections and ensure compliance with sanitation laws.

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Environment

Group Raises Alarm Over Threat Of Shoreline Erosion In Niger Delta

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The Niger Delta Development and Monitoring Group (NIDDEMOG) on Wednesday, called for urgent federal  government intervention to halt the advancing shoreline erosion threatening communities in the Niger Delta.
The appeal follows growing concerns over the impact of coastal erosion on the multi-million naira Eraskon Lubricants and Chemical Blending Plant and the surrounding Gbarain community in Bayelsa State.Ecology & Environment
A NIDDEMOG delegation, led by its Executive Director, Chief Nengi James-Eriworio, visited the plant to assess the extent of damage caused by persistent shoreline erosion.
Speaking after the inspection, James-Eriworio described shoreline erosion as one of the most critical environmental challenges confronting communities across the Niger Delta.Government
He warned that continued coastal degradation poses a serious threat to critical infrastructure,  investments and the livelihoods of riverine communities.
According to him, the situation at the Eraskon Lubricants and Chemical Blending Plant highlights the need for coordinated action by all tiers of government.
He commended the House of Representatives for drawing national attention to the environmental emergency through a motion urging Federal  Government intervention.Flora & Fauna
James-Eriworio specifically praised the member representing Yenagoa/Kolokuma/Opokuma Federal Constituency, Rep. Oboku Oforji, for raising the issue on the floor of the House.
He said the lawmaker’s intervention brought the plight of the Eraskon project and the adjoining Gbarain community to national attention.
According to him, the legislative action offers the government an opportunity to act before the erosion causes irreversible damage.Geographic Reference
He appealed to the federal and state government, the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and other relevant agencies to deploy ecological intervention funds without delay.
James-Eriworio said protecting the shoreline was essential to safeguarding the facility and preserving a strategic industrial investment.Ecology & Environment
He noted that when completed and fully operational, the Eraskon Lubricants and Chemical Blending Plant would create employment opportunities and boost government revenue.
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