Arts/Literary
UBE: The Way Forward
Book Review
Titles: (i) Universal Basic Education:
Grassroot Perspective (152 pages)
(ii) Primary Education Control And Development Policy in Nigeria (56 pages)
Author: Sam Nsitem Obisike, Jp
Reviewer: Jacob Obinna
Publishers: Wellington Publishing Company,PHC.
For more than a decade now, the authors in Nigeria have been trapped in a cycle of distress due to the ruthless profiteering activities of pirates. The situation is not helped by the lack of relevant copyright laws, absence of political will and inadequate legislations against such infringement. Worse still, the indigenous publishers are not protected by government’s policies which tend to encourage preference for use of foreign textbooks over their local counterparts in schools.
Inspite of this unfavourable situation, the indigenous authors have refused to budge. They have rather continued to publish books to complement government’s efforts towards enthroning qualitative education in the country. One of such authors is a seasoned educationist in Rivers State, Sir Sam Nsitem Obisike who launched two books recently on the Universal Basic Education (UBE) programme in Nigeria. Titled “Universal Basic Education Grassroot Perspective and Primary Education Control and Development Policy in Nigeria”, the books give the reader an insight into the UBE and primary education programmes in the country which the author refers to as Nigeria’s first attempt at effective administration of primary education in Nigeria, starting with the introduction of Universal Primary Education (UPE) launched by the Federal Government on September 8, 1976. This programme, among other things was to redress education imbalance and provide equal access to education for all Nigerian children.
Unfortunately, many factors led to the collapse of the UPE programme. These included inadequate planning, poor projection of pupil’s enrolment, lack of a careful coordinating, supervising and monitoring agency, recruitment of poorly trained teachers, insufficient and inadequate classrooms and lack of appropriate legislations to back up the scheme.
As at 1996, the nation’s education statistics showed that 1.9 million school age children were not enrolled into primary schools while as at 2000, estimated over 20 million Nigerian school age children were not in school. Since then, the figures have been on the increase.
This sad state of affairs and the vision of the federal government on the importance of education as a vital instrument for positive development led to the launch of the Universal Basic Education (UBE) on 30th September, 1999 to replace the UPE. This new education programme is to provide for Nigerian children, the foundation for sustainable life long learning with emphasis on reading, writing and numeracy skills. It also covers a wide variety of formal and non-formal education activities and programmes designed to provide functional literacy.
The first book, Universal Basic Education: Grassroot Perspective, which has 152 pages is divided into ten chapters. It serves as a veritable tool for effective implementation of the UBE programme to avoid the pitfalls that characterised the UPE system.
Chapter one focuses on the meaning and scope of UBE, failure of UPE, importance of UBE and the various international agreements which Nigeria is signatory to, such as the New Dechi 1992 which the E-G countries agreed to, in order to reduce the incidence of literacy, and the Amman Re-affirmation of 1995 that confirms everyone’s commitment to the Jontein Declaration.
Others include: The Durban (1988) African States Commitment to Basic Education and the OAU Decade of Education of Africa which have influenced the formation of education policies in the country.
Chapter two dwels on management of the education sector in Nigeria before UBE and future prospects, while chapter three is a review of past efforts by various governments.
Chapters four to ten are basically issues bordering on funding and empowerment of UBE at the local government level, supervision, monitoring and evaluation of UBE as well as continuous teaching and strategies for administration of UBE at the LGAs and implementation of guidelines. The author concludes the book with the assertion that “No sacrifice will be considered too great in ensuring the sustainability and success of UBE”.
The second book, “Primary Education Control and Development Policy in Nigeria” has seven chapters and discusses wide range of issues on historical background of primary education in Nigeria. Chapter one highlights some of the laws and efforts made at bringing formal education to the doorstep of every Nigerian such as the 1882 Education Ordinance for British colonies which applied to the Lagos colony, 1887 Second Education Ordinance with reference to colony and protectorate of Nigeria which corrected some of the ills and became the foundation upon which future educational ordinances in Nigeria were built.
Chapter two deals with school mapping and micro planning with the aim of making education more relevant to the needs of the local communities in a developing country like Nigeria, while chapter three focuses on concept of leadership and change in primary schools and organizations which dates back to the colonial era. Chapter four dwells on supervision and evaluation strategies for UBE programme, and various attempts made in the past to increase the literacy rate in Nigeria.
The attempts, as analysed by the author, include the 1955 Comprehensive Education Laws of Western Nigeria, 1957 UPE Programme of Eastern Region, UPE of 1976 and the present UBE programme of the federal government. These programmes were aimed at equipping individuals with knowledge, skills and attitudes which will enable them live meaningful and fulfilling lives, contribute to the development of society and derive maximum social, economic and cultural benefits from the society.
Chapters five to seven give an indepth overview of important issues of primary education and the community, effective management of primary education in Nigeria, and offers solutions to the myriads of problems besetting UBE programme in Nigeria.
The author concludes the book with the view that the UBE is yet another giant step at giving Nigerians equal opportunity to education and to increase the literacy level of every Nigerian child.
Going by the robust and statistical presentation of the issues in the various chapters of the two books, it is obvious that the UBE programme is well analysed and treated by the author which makes the books a veritable tool for the UBE teachers, pupils administrators of the programme and other educational institutions in the country especially at a time like this when the country is once again trying to reviewing its education sector.
Social/Kiddies
Growing Up: A Guide To Becoming The Confident, Successful Giant You Were Born To Be
Hi kids and young minds, let us explore the road to the top ladder.
The journey begins with the vision taking the lead!
Take a slow, deep breath. Put down whatever is in your hands, clear your mind for just a moment, and concentrate fully.
Whether you are a child just starting to explore the vast horizons of school and play, a teenager standing at the crossroads of massive exams, keeping tabs of friendships, and identity crises, or someone peering over the edge into the vast, open territory of adulthood—you are on a monumental journey.
If you are like most young people, there are days when you look at yourself and something makes you wonder if you actually have what it takes to be the ‘grown up’ you want to be . You might look at the expectations piled up around you—from parents, teachers, and society and your heart skips a beat. You might be wondering, “Am I smart enough? Am I strong enough? Will I ever truly figure out who I am and where I belong?”
Here is a secret that the loudest voices in the world forget to tell you: “You already possess everything you need, to be unstoppable.”
Growing up to be that confident, successful person; not just someone who looks impressive, scores all the excellent grades but someone who is deeply, unshakeably grounded on the inside—is not a destination you magically arrive at on your eighteenth or twenty-first birthday. It is a daily choice. It is a journey of the mind which transcends to habit and the resolutions from the heart.
Let us walk through the blueprint of how you build that confidence, how you navigate the turbulence of growing up, and how you step into your full power as a child, a teenager, and eventually, a thriving adult. Let’s Go!
The Foundation – Redefining Success and Self-Worth
Our world is keen on seeing the scorecards. People place you on the ladder of your grades in school. Later on, the world tries to measure you by college admissions, job titles, bank accounts, social media likes and mentions.
If you let the world dictate your value, you will spend your entire life fighting battles for recognition… When you win, you will feel high; when you stumble, you will crash.
Your Value is inherent, not earned. You must understand this fundamental truth early: Your worth is not a score. Getting an ‘A’ on an exam is fantastic, but that is not all it takes to wear the crown. Failing a test, scoring below average, missing a goal, or not making a team is painful, but it does not make you a failure. Your value as a human being is fixed, permanent, and untouchable. When you separate your identity from your achievements, you release yourself from the bondage of terror that stops you from trying. You realise that you can fail at a task without being a failure as a person.
Redefining “Failure” As Data
Successful adults are not people who never failed; they are people who failed but refused to quit. Failure at a time does not mean, it can never be achieved. When a baby learns to walk, she does not fall down 10 times and say, “Well, walking clearly isn’t for me; I guess I’ll crawl for the rest of my life.” No, even bruises from falldo not stop her. Baby keeps trying, confident that walking is sure.
The next time you mess up—whether it is a broken friendship, a botched presentation, or a terrible grade—do not just beat yourself up. Ask yourself: “What is this teaching me? What data; information or lesson can I pull from this disaster to make my next attempt smarter?” That shift in perspective builds true resilience and a step through the road of confidence to success.
Next is. The Teenage Years – Navigating the Storm with Grace
As you move from childhood into your teenage years, the world changes shape and tempo. . The simple rules of yesterday dissolve into a complex layout of choices, changing body chemistry, intense emotions, and a deep, biological desire to find where you fit in.
This phase can feel overwhelming. It is completely normal to feel like you are walking through a fog. But remember. This is a critical stage; this fog is where your character is formed.
The Magic of “Not Yet”
Whenever you look at a peer who seems effortlessly brilliant, or an adult who has mastered their craft, and think, “I could never be that smart, or that talented, or that confident,” Watch it, it is a dangerous judgment! Wake up!
The reality is that, that today’s “Smart person” yesterday stumbled and struggled but confidently never lost hope and focus on success.
They did not get there by magic; they got there through cumulative practice.
When faced with a mountain of difficulty, banish the phrase “I can’t do this” from your vocabulary. Add one three-letter word to the end of that sentence: “yet.”
“I have not gotten the skill — yet”
“I don’t understand this physics concept—yet.”
“I haven’t figured out how to manage my public speaking anxiety—yet.”
“I am not where I want to be in life—yet.”
That simple word transforms a brick wall into an open door. It reminds your brain that its not YET over.
Choosing Integrity Over Approval
Teenagers face an intense storm called peer pressure. Everyone around you seems to be moving toward some particular trends, just to belong.
Come off it: “Fitting in is exhausting; standing out as your true self is liberating”
The people who try to force you to compromise your values, laugh at cruelty, or shrink your ambitions to make others comfortable may not be your true friends. A confident teenager and a successful adult know how to walk alone at a time, so long as it means walking in the right direction.
Be the person who has the courage to say “no.” When no is the right answering. Be the person who refuses to peddle gossips, who protects the kid felling lonely or being bullied.
Be that young mind who is quickly identified with his or her words. Your uniqueness must not be seen as a flaw to be corrected; it is your signature .Just being yourself.
Stepping Into Adulthood – Building the Architecture of Your Life
Eventually, the school years fade, and the doors of adulthood swing wide open. Suddenly, you are driving your own car, managing your own schedule, paying bills, and making important decisions.
Many young adults freeze at this stage because the safety nets are gone. Parental care diminishes. They are exposed to the real nature of the society. But this is where your training, your learnings, (school and society) comes to play. . Adulthood is not about having all the answers; it is about having the courage to look for them and how to navigate through, especially rough waters
Radical Ownership
As a child, much of your life is orchestrated by others—parents schedule your days, teacher’s guide you’re learning, and rules protect you from consequences. As an adult, “you are the CEO of your own personality.”
If something is broken in your life, waiting for someone else to fix it is a trap. If your room is messy, clean it. If your skills are outdated, update it, if trouble comes; find means. If your mindset is negative, Negativity is not an option .guard your thoughts. Taking radical ownership of your circumstances—even the ones you didn’t cause—is the ultimate superpower of successful adults. It removes from you, the victim mentality and hands the steering wheel back to you.
Cultivating Lifelong Curiosity
Fear shrinks our worlds; curiosity expands it. When you approach life with anxiety, every new challenge feels like a threat designed to expose your weaknesses. When you approach life with curiosity, every challenge becomes an interesting puzzle to solve.
Read voraciously. Ask questions—not just to get answers but to truly understand them. Travel if you can, or explore the cultures, histories, and sciences of the world through books and media. The most successful adults never stop being students. They retain the wide-eyed wonder of a child combined with the analytical discipline of a scholar.
The Give & Take Effect – Lifting Others As You Climb
One simple truth about confidence and success that most people miss is that ‘True greatness is never selfish’.
If your definition of success is standing at the top of a mountain by yourself, looking down at everyone else, you haven’t succeeded—you’ve just become isolated. Real confidence is generous. It is expansive.
Empathy As Strength: Some people mistake kindness for weakness, thinking that being nice means letting people walk all over you. Honestly, it takes immense inner strength to remain kind in a cynical world, to extend grace to someone who wronged you, and to listen deeply before speaking.
Being the Safe Space: As you grow into a confident child, teenager, and adult, makes it your mission to be a safe space for others. When you see someone struggling with the exact insecurities you fought through, reach down and pull them up. Lift your siblings, support your friends, and honor your parents and mentors who invested in your life. When you help others win, you create a community of giants and winners
In conclusion, beloved young minds, look at where you are standing right now. Take stock of your dreams, your fears, your strengths and your raw potential.
You are not a finished product, you’re growing up. You are a masterpiece in perpetual motion—a work of art that is constantly being refined, polished, and strengthened by every experience, every victory, and every tear.
The world out there is waiting for you. It needs your voice, your creativity, your resilience, and your unique brand of courage. It doesn’t need you to be flawless; it needs you to be real, to be bold, and to keep moving forward even when the path ahead is steep.
So, stand a little taller today. Look straight into your vision, straighten your shoulders and whisper to yourself: “I am growing, I am ready, I am Confident”
You have got these! Growing up, equipped with required vision, knowledge and confidence. Now go out there and show the world the stuff in you. All the best!
Nneka Amaechi-Nnadi
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