Editorial
Police And Tinted Car Glasses
There has been public protest over indiscriminate arrest of individuals found to be using automobiles with tinted glasses. The Tide understands that Section 2(d) of the Road Traffic Act expressly outlaws the use of such vehicles, particularly those crudely laminated in a deep dark colour that makes visibility impossible.
Relying on the said Section of the Road Traffic Act, a Karu Senior Magistrate Court recently sentenced four men to two months imprisonment after they had pleaded guilty to illegal use of tinted glasses on their vehicles. It would appear however, that the most comprehensive legislation on the use of tinted glasses in Nigeria is the Motor Vehicle Prohibition of Tinted Glass Acts CAP M21 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria (Formerly Decree No 6 of 1991.)
Section 1(1) of this Act states that except with the permission of the ‘appropriate authority’ and for such good cause as may be determined from time to time by the appropriate authority, “no person shall cause any glass on a motor vehicle to be tinted or shaded or coloured lightly or thickly, darkened or treated in any other way so that the persons or objects in the motor vehicle are rendered obscure or invisible.”
No doubt, majority of crimes relating to terrorism, suicide bombing, kidnapping, gun-running, human trafficking and armed robbery among others are mostly committed with vehicles with such tinted gasses. The uncontrolled use of such vehicles for perpetration of crimes has heightened confusion over modalities to check defaulters.
We note that, although the Motor Vehicle (Prohibition of Tinted Glass) Act, CAP M21 Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, Section 3(a) had explained “appropriate authority” as contained in Section 1(1) of the law to mean reference to the Inspector-General of Police (IGP) or any person or authority authorized by him to give such permission as contemplated in Section (1) of the law, implementation of the law appeared to have been neglected overtime. This without doubt, had given room to virtually every individual to own such vehicles, some of them so crudely laminated that they became safe havens for kidnappers, armed robbers and sundry criminals.
Clearly, the recent order by the Inspector-General of Police to all state commands to impound such vehicles and if possible arrest and prosecute their owners, underscores a fresh initiative by the Police High Command to check the anomaly by enforcing a nearly dead law. It is even more understandable in the light of recent security challenges the nation is grappling with, and which could be hampered if such safety nests for felons are not properly checked. It was in furtherance of that reasoning and consequent IGP directive that the Karu Senior Magistrate Court sentenced the four men to two months imprisonment for illegal use of tinted glasses on their cars while in other parts of the country there are reports of payment of various sums of money in fines by defaulters, to recover their vehicles.
We are aware that the Police High Command had stated that the law authorizes an appropriate authority, in this case, the IGP to issue permits for use of tinted glasses to Nigerians on health and security grounds, if they meet stipulated requirements for qualification. However, we think that, for any Act to be effective, it should not be selective in application. Yes, the Rivers State Police Command recently explained the difference between factory fitted tinted glass and those locally laminated. But the situation remains foggy because there are also foreign made vehicles that fall in the same category as locally tinted glasses. Therefore, the Police High Command should be specific over which public officers are entitled to use what vehicles as that aspect has been grossly ignored.
Again, the process of obtaining police permit for tinted glasses should be made clear and insulated from familiar counterfeiting, touting and bribery because we fear that unscrupulous police officers may take advantage of the new regime of enforcement to engage in the harassment of and extortion from helpless motorists. It is therefore imperative that police authorities ensure strict supervision of their men deployed to these duties and bring to book officers who may be tempted to act outside the confines of the enabling laws and indeed, that of the Police Code of Conduct.
Clearly, legal restrictions on the use of tinted car glasses is not peculiar to Nigeria. The law, we understand, is designed to promote and protect the collective security of all through visual transparency of auto mobiles. It reduces the chances of persons plying vehicles with opaque devices, arms, ammunition and other incriminating materials undetected from one part of the country to another.
The law is also designed to enhance the smooth discharge of police duties, by making monitoring of motorists easy. But we think that the law leaves too much room for manipulation by a few for the punishment to address. Unless such grey areas already highlighted are addressed, what we consider to be a good law would leave negative consequences and hence become unpopular among the very people the measures are intended to protect.
Even so, we urge total compliance by the citizenry since ignorance of the law is no excuse, while we await necessary enlightenment on the matter.
The recent massacre in Yelewata, Benue State, ranks among Nigeria’s deadliest attacks of
2025. While official figures put the death toll at 59, media reports and Amnesty International estimate between 100 and 200 fatalities. This atrocity extends a decade-long pattern of violence in Nigeria’s Middle Belt, where Beacon Security data records 1,043 deaths in Benue alone between May 2023 and May 2025.
President Tinubu’s visit on 18 June—four days after the 14 June attack—has drawn sharp criticism for its lateness. This delay echoes a history of inadequate responses, with Human Rights Watch documenting similar inaction in Plateau and Kaduna states since 2013, fuelling a culture of impunity. The attack lasted over two hours without meaningful security intervention, despite claims of swift action.
The violence bore hallmarks of genocide, with survivors recounting systematic house burnings and executions. More than 2.2 million people have been displaced in the region since 2019 due to comparable attacks. Data show Benue’s agricultural output falls by 0.21 per cent in crops and 0.31 per cent in livestock for every 1 per cent rise in violence.
Security forces continue to underperform. No arrests were made following the Easter attacks in April (56 killed) or May’s Gwer West massacre (42 killed). During his visit, Tinubu questioned publicly why no suspects had been detained four days after Yelewata, highlighting entrenched accountability failures.
The roots of the conflict are complex, with climate change pushing northern herders south and 77 per cent of Benue’s population reliant on agriculture. A Tiv community leader described the violence as “calculated land-grabbing” rather than mere clashes, with over 500 deaths recorded since 2019.
Government interventions have largely fallen short. The 2018 federal task force and 2025 Forest Guards initiative failed to curb violence. Tinubu’s newly announced committee of ex-governors and traditional rulers has been met with scepticism given the litany of past unkept promises.
The economic fallout is severe. Benue’s status as Nigeria’s “food basket” is crumbling as farms are destroyed and farmers displaced. This worsens the nation’s food crisis, with hunger surges in 2023-2024 directly linked to farming disruptions caused by insecurity.
Citizens demanding justice have been met with force; protesters faced police tear gas, and the State Assembly conceded total failure in safeguarding lives, admitting that the governor, deputy, and 32 lawmakers had all neglected their constitutional responsibilities.
The massacre has drawn international condemnation. Pope Leo XIV decried the “terrible massacre,” while the UN called for an investigation. The hashtag “200 Nigerians” trended worldwide on X, with many contrasting Nigeria’s slow response to India’s swift action following a plane crash with similar fatalities.
Nigeria’s centralised security system is clearly overwhelmed. A single police force is tasked with covering 36 states and 774 local government areas for a population exceeding 200 million. Between 2021 and 2023 alone, 29,828 killings and 15,404 kidnappings were recorded nationally. Proposals for state police, floated since January 2025, remain stalled.
Other populous nations offer alternative models. Canada’s provincial police, India’s state forces, and Indonesia’s municipal units demonstrate the effectiveness of decentralised policing. Nigeria’s centralised structure creates intelligence and response gaps, worsened by the distance—both physical and bureaucratic—from Abuja to affected communities.
The immediate aftermath is dire: 21 IDP camps in Benue are overwhelmed, and a humanitarian crisis is deepening. The State Assembly declared three days of mourning (18-20 June), but survivors lack sufficient medical aid. Tragically, many of those killed were already displaced by earlier violence.
A lasting solution requires a multi-pronged approach, including targeted security deployment, regulated grazing land, and full enforcement of Benue’s 2017 Anti-Open Grazing Law. The National Economic Council’s failure to prioritise state police in May 2025 represents a missed chance for reform.
Without decisive intervention, trends suggest conditions will worsen. More than 20,000 Nigerians have been killed and 13,000 kidnapped nationwide in 2025 alone. As Governor Hyacinth Alia stressed during Tinubu’s visit, state police may be the only viable path forward. All 36 states have submitted proposals supporting decentralisation—a crucial step towards breaking Nigeria’s vicious cycle of violence.
Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999 marked a watershed moment in the nation’s political history. After enduring nearly 16 years of successive military dictatorships, Nigerians embraced a new era of civil governance with the inauguration of President Olusegun Obasanjo on May 29, 1999. Since then, the country has sustained a democratic system for 26 years. But, this democratic journey has been a complex mix of progress and persistent challenges.
The formal recognition of June 12 as Democracy Day in 2018 by former President Muhammadu Buhari acknowledged a long-standing injustice. The annulment of the 1993 presidential election, Nigeria’s freest, betrayed the democratic aspirations of millions. That it took decades to honour this date reflects the nation’s complex relationship with its democratic memory.
One of the most momentous successes of Nigeria’s democracy has been the uninterrupted civilian rule over the last two and a half decades. The country has witnessed seven general elections, with power transferring peacefully among different political parties. This is particularly notable considering that prior to 1999, no civilian government had completed a full term without military intervention. The peaceful transitions in 2007, 2015, and 2023 are testaments to Nigeria’s evolving democratic maturity.
Electoral participation, while uneven, has also reflected a level of democratic engagement. In 2003, voter turnout stood at about 69 per cent, but this figure dropped to approximately 34.75 per cent in 2023, according to the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). Although the declining turnout raises concerns, it also highlights the increasing expectations of the electorate, who demand credible and transparent elections.
Another area of progress is the growth of a vibrant and free press. Nigerian media has played a crucial role in holding governments accountable and fostering public discourse. Investigative journalism and civil society activism have exposed corruption and human rights abuses. The rise of social media has further expanded the democratic space, enabling young Nigerians to mobilise and advocate for change, as evidenced by the 2020 #EndSARS protests.
Judicial independence has seen mixed results. On one hand, the judiciary has occasionally demonstrated resilience, such as in landmark rulings that overturned fraudulent elections or curtailed executive excesses. On the other hand, allegations of political interference and corruption within the judiciary persist, undermining public confidence in the legal system’s impartiality.
Nigeria’s democracy has also facilitated the decentralisation of power through the federal system. State governments now wield some autonomy, allowing for experimentation in governance and service delivery. While this has led to innovative policies in some states, it has also entrenched patronage networks and uneven development across the federation.
Despite these successes, Nigeria’s democratic journey faces formidable problems. Electoral integrity remains a critical concern. Reports from election observers, including those from the European Union and ECOWAS, frequently highlight issues such as vote-buying, ballot box snatching, and violence. The introduction of the Bimodal Voter Accreditation System (BVAS) and electronic transmission of results in 2023 elections showed promise, but technical glitches and alleged manipulations dampened public trust.
Corruption continues to be a pervasive issue. Nigeria ranks 145th out of 180 countries on Transparency International’s 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index, with a score of 25/100. Democratic institutions meant to check graft—such as anti-corruption agencies and the legislature—often struggle due to political interference and weak enforcement mechanisms.
Security challenges have also strained Nigeria’s democracy. Insurgency in the North East, banditry in the North West, separatist agitations in the South East, and herder-farmer conflicts across the Middle Belt have collectively resulted in thousands of deaths and displacements. According to the Global Terrorism Index 2024, Nigeria ranks as the eighth most impacted country by terrorism. The government’s difficulty in ensuring safety erodes public confidence in the state’s capacity and legitimacy.
The economy poses another critical remonstrance. Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita stands at approximately $2,400 as of 2024, with over 40 per cent of the population living below the national poverty line. High unemployment and inflation have fueled discontent and disillusionment with democratic governance, especially among youth. Without addressing economic grievances, the democratic dividend will remain elusive for many Nigerians.
Ethnic and religious divisions further complicate Nigeria’s democratic consolidation. Politicians often exploit identity politics for electoral gains, exacerbating social tensions. Although federal character principles aim to promote inclusiveness, they have also sometimes fostered a quota mentality rather than merit-based appointments.
Gender representation remains inadequate in Nigeria’s democratic institutions. Women occupy less than 10 per cent of seats in the National Assembly, one of the lowest rates globally. Efforts to pass gender parity bills have faced stiff resistance, highlighting deep-seated cultural and institutional barriers to female political participation.
Civil liberties, while constitutionally guaranteed, are under threat. Crackdowns on protesters, restrictions on press freedom, and surveillance of activists reveal an authoritarian streak within the democratic framework. The controversial Twitter ban in 2021 exemplified the country’s willingness to curb digital freedoms, prompting domestic and international criticism.
The political crisis in Rivers State embodies broader democratic struggles. Attempts to control the state through undemocratic means expose weaknesses in federal institutions and the rule of law. Immediate restoration of democratic governance in Rivers State is vital to preserving Nigeria’s democratic integrity and institutional credibility.
Local governments remain under the control of state governors, depriving citizens of grassroots democracy. Last year’s Supreme Court judgment on local government autonomy is promising, but state-level resistance threatens its implementation. Genuine autonomy would bring governance closer to the people and foster democratic innovation.
As we mark Democracy Day, we must honour the sacrifices of Chief M.K.O. Abiola, Kudirat Abiola, Femi Falana, Chief Gani Fawehinmi, Pa Alfred Rewane, President Bola Tinubu, and countless others, who fought for Nigeria’s freedom. As democracy in Nigeria continues to evolve after 26 years, this day should inspire action toward its renewal. With despotism and state failure as real threats, both citizens and leaders must take responsibility—citizens by demanding more, and leaders by delivering. Excuses are no longer acceptable.
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