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Hepatitis B: The Silent Epidemic

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By some accounts, Hepatitis B is a new silent epidemic ravaging the health of Nigerians but medical experts insist that the disease has, nonetheless, attracted very little attention from the government and people of Nigeria.

Recent statistics indicate that not less than 23 million Nigerians are estimated to be infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), making Nigeria one of the countries with the highest incidence of HBV infection in the world.

The online Medical News Today says the word hepatitis comes from the ancient Greek word hepar (root word hepat) meaning “liver’’, and in Latin, an ancient Italic language, it means inflammation.

In essence, hepatitis means injury to the liver with inflammation of the liver cells.

Viral hepatitis may, however, occur in acute or chronic forms. The most common causes of viral hepatitis are the five unrelated hepatotropic viruses: Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis D, and Hepatitis E.

Nevertheless, Hepatitis B and C are the most chronic and the leading cause of death among the five viruses.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), HBV is 50 to 100 times more infectious than Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and about 600,000 people worldwide die every year due to the consequences of hepatitis B.

The WHO says that Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by HBV.

Hepatitis B is a major global health problem and concerned experts bemoan the fact that although HBV infection causes chronic liver disease, it has received little or no attention in Nigeria, thereby making it a major public health hazard in the country.

The experts note that Hepatitis B is a silent disease, which can infect people for many years without clear manifestation or symptom.

But there is a bigger problem: Hepatitis B can be epidemic in nature, as those infected are often unaware of their health condition and can unknowingly pass the virus to others through their blood and bodily fluids.

Dr Funmi Lesi, a Consultant Gastroenterologist at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), said that Hepatitis B and C were the most common of the hepatitis infection that caused long-term disease, chronic liver disease and severe scaring of the liver.

“The viruses which caused hepatitis were known as viral hepatitis and the most common forms in Nigeria are the B and C variants. Hepatitis B is, however, more prevalent than Hepatitis C.

“HBV as a silent killer in our environment; unfortunately, the people’s knowledge of the virus is very faint.

“The average prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria is 13.7 per cent, with higher prevalence in rural areas than urban areas.

“HBV is more common and spreads more easily than HIV, which has an average prevalence rate of 4.5 per cent.” she said.

Lesi said that in sub-Saharan Africa region, the mode of HBV transmission was mostly through child-to-child transmission, unsafe injection and mother-to-child transmission.

She noted that children could be infected with the virus through sharing of objects like toothbrush, razor and towels as well as through contact with blood and body fluids via bites, cuts, or sores.

“A baby whose mother is infected can also be infected at birth. Adults can get infected through unprotected sex, blood transfusion and the use of used or improperly sterilised syringes.

“The acquirement of the virus during childhood might take between 15 to 20 years to manifest as a disease; so, we customarily see the disease in adults.

“Getting infected through the sharing of household objects, improperly screened blood and unsterilised or used syringes as well as sacrificial cuttings are factors which could be attributed to poverty and culture.

“The use of unsafe injections due to the negligence of some medical practitioners and quacks has resulted in about 32 per cent of new cases of Hepatitis B infection, compared to five per cent of new HIV infections.

“This means that many practitioners are re-using syringes and those needles are not properly sterilised,” she said.

Lesi said that 60 to 65 per cent of liver cancer cases could be linked to untreated HBV infection.

“Unfortunately, most people with chronic HBV infection are not aware that they carry the virus and they are at risk of developing severe chronic liver disease before they are clinically diagnosed.

“These people also unknowingly transmit the virus to other people because of their lack of awareness.

“Sixty to 65 per cent of liver cancer cases, out of every 100 cases, are related to untreated HBV infection,” she said.

Lesi said that Hepatitis B, if detected before progressing to acute liver infections, was treatable with the possibility of prolonging the life of the victim.

“Out of a hundred cases of chronic Hepatitis B, only 20 per cent might progress to liver disease after treatment, compared to nearly 100 per cent of HIV patients.

“Some people with chronic Hepatitis B can be treated with drugs that can slow down the progression of the infection and improve long-term survival,’’ she said.

In a nutshell, Lesi advocated the creation of a government policy on Hepatitis B, akin to the policy on HIV, to aid efforts to reduce the disease burden.

Dr Jude Erege, a private medical practitioner, said that Hepatitis B was gradually turning into an epidemic because most newborns were not vaccinated against the virus.

He stressed that the prevalence of Hepatitis B was also due to dearth of public awareness of the infection, particularly in the rural areas, and lack of treatment in the early stages of the disease.

“Hepatitis B vaccines have been available in the country for over 25 years but why have not all the people been immunised? Why do we still talk about Hepatitis B when it is preventable?

“The lack of national commitment on creating public awareness and the non-integration of the Hepatitis B vaccine into national immunisation programmes have been responsible for the prevalence,” he said.

Erege said that early vaccination of babies, possibly at birth or during infancy, was crucial to efforts to prevent HBV.

He underscored the need to formulate a national policy on screening, vaccination and management of Hepatitis B, saying that this would increase public awareness, while strengthening efforts to reduce the prevalence of the disease.

“HBV infection is a vaccine-preventable disease. The vaccine should be incorporated into our national immunisation programmes to provide easy accessibility for the people and it should be made available to all.

“Children who become infected with the virus become lifelong carriers; if undetected and untreated.

“Untreated HBV might progress into liver disease and it affects adults mostly in their productive years — between 30 and 50 years of age,” he said.

Besides, Erege stressed that the disease’s prevalence could be reduced via public enlightenment programmes, enforcement of rules on adequate screening of all blood donors and vaccination of the entire population against HBV.

He, however, said that adults ought to be screened to ensure they had not been infected before they got vaccinated because an infected person would require treatment and not vaccination.

All the same, Erege conceded that most of the infected persons would not experience any symptoms, while others might have symptoms like dark urine, extreme fatigue, abdominal pains and vomiting.

The WHO, in its report on its first-ever country hepatitis survey in 2013, said that 37 per cent of the sampled countries had national strategies for viral hepatitis, adding, however, that more work needed to be done in treating hepatitis.

Covering 126 countries, the Global Policy Report on the Prevention and Control of Viral Hepatitis identified successes as well as gaps at the country level in the implementation of four priority areas.

These priority areas are public awareness campaigns, evidence-based data for action, prevention of the virus’ transmission, as well as screening, care and treatment.

The findings show that while 82 per cent of the countries had established hepatitis surveillance programmes, only half of the programmes include the monitoring of chronic Hepatitis B and C, which are responsible for the most severe illnesses and deaths.

Akanni writes for News Agency of Nigeria (NAN).

 

Rivers State Governor, Rt. Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi addressing  doctors of the Nigeria Medical Association, Rivers State Chapter at their  2013 Physicians week in Port Harcourt, Wednesday.

Rivers State Governor, Rt. Hon. Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi addressing doctors of the Nigeria Medical Association, Rivers State Chapter at their 2013 Physicians week in Port Harcourt, Wednesday.

Bukola Akanni

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Investing In Nyesom Wike: A Story Of Dedication, Sacrifice And Ultimate Loss

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In 2015, I made a conscious decision to invest my financial resources, my time, and energy into supporting Nyesom Wike’s gubernatorial campaign. I poured my heart and soul into ensuring Nyesom Wike emerged victorious even at the risk of my personal safety.
Again in 2019, I doubled down on my commitment. I invested a significant amount of money to procure campaign outfits for all twenty-three Local Governments Areas of Rivers State. I spared no expense in supplementing Wike’s election efforts in my own local government, and once again putting myself at great risk to safeguard the fairness and transparency of the electoral process.
However, despite my unwavering loyalty and sacrifices, I found myself abandoned and forgotten by Wike. Throughout his eight-year tenure, he failed to acknowledge my contributions or fulfill his promises and agreements. Even as a former Deputy Governor, Wike denied me my severance benefit.
My investment in Wike’s governorship was not just financial – it was a commitment of passion, dedication, and belief in a better future for Rivers State. Yet, his leadership style of dishonesty, greed, drunkenness and rash abuse of senior citizens brought me nothing but disappointment, misery and losses.
By the grace of God, today I speak not as a victim, but as a hero. I have accepted my losses, and I have moved on. And as I reflect on my experience, I cannot help but urge Wike to do the same and allow peace and development to reign in Rivers State.
Nyesom Wike, when you speak of investing in Governor Sim Fubara’s election, remember those like me who also invested in you. Remember the sacrifices I made, the risks I took, and the promises and agreements you left unfulfilled.
It is time for you, Wike, to let go of the past and allow Governor Sim Fubara the breathing space he needs to lead Rivers State forward. Allow him to focus on the challenges of good governance and the aspirations of the people. Spare him these unwarranted and ill-conceived political manoeuvrings founded on personal agenda and not for general good of Rivers State and her people.
I may have lost my investment on Wike, but I have not lost hope in the future of Rivers State. And together, we will continue to strive for a brighter tomorrow.
Long Live the Governor to Rivers State, Sir Siminialayi Fubara!
Long Live the Good People of Rivers State!!
Long Live the Federal Republic of Nigeria!!!
Engr Ikuru is former Deputy Governor of Rivers State.

Tele Ikuru

 

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Is Okocha A Happy Man Being Perpetual Hireling?

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The man Tony Okocha, the devastated tattered ragtag remnant Rivers APC factional, but Caretaker, Chairman, is known for being notoriously a hireling willing to play in the mud just for the pay or settlement. To Rt Hon Chibuike Rotimi Amaechi, he did against Chief Nyesom Wike. To Senator Magnus Abe, he did against Rotimi Amaechi. To Chief Nyesom Wike, he did against Magnus Abe. Having maintained such unbefitting character trait, it is not surprising to see him at his demeaned best showing off his tainted skill of grandstanding and loquaciously struggling fruitlessly almost every day to castigate the popular Rivers people’s Governor with very glaring false, bogus and unsubstantiated claims such as:
1. That Governor Fubara is wasting state fund in the name of thanksgiving across 23 Local Government Areas.
2. That Governor Fubara has withheld Local Government funds.
3. That Governor Fubara runs the government without input from the State Executive Council.
4. That nothing is happening in the State with respect to governance.
To the above false claims of Tony Okocha, every reasonable, right thinking and well-meaning Rivers person would effortlessly puncture all as rascality and mendacity taken too far.
Apart from the fact that Governor Siminalayi Fubara had said he is not sponsoring the massive SIMplified Movement Thanksgiving events across the Local Government Areas of the State being organised by elated Rivers people who feel liberated from an era of overbearing and suppressive form of leadership in the State, Tony Okocha should be asked to prove his false claim with indisputable facts and figures. Until then, let Tony Okocha respect himself and learn to keep quiet as an elderly person who is saddled with such a responsible position as Rivers State Representative in the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) Board. A position that places a huge responsibility on him to ensure that the core objectives of the commission are actualised in the State, by not only ensuring that Rivers State gets its fair share of its dues in terms of projects, programmes and activities, but by synergising with the state government on development matters concerning the state vis-a-vis the responsibilities of NDDC to the State. In summary, the SIMplified Movement is all about a happy and joyful people of Rivers State who have decided to stand and stick together to defend and uphold their common heritage and patrimony. It is a voluntary venture, not sponsored by the government.
To his claim that the Governor has withheld Local Government funds, Mr Tony Okocha should also be asked to prove that with facts and figures and explain why the Governor would do such. More so, what is Tony Okocha’s business, assuming, but not conceding, that a PDP Governor withholds money against PDP-led 23 Local Government authorities? Did Local Government workers across the state complain to Okocha, the meddlesome hireling, an acclaimed APC Caretaker Committee Chairman in Rivers State?
On his ignorant and false claim that the Governor runs the government without input from the state exco, Okocha, the busybody wannabe should explain how he was employed or engaged as the spokesperson of members of the Rivers State Executive Council. He should also tell us his source of information to that effect, if it is not just a proof that he is making himself known as a perpetually irredeemable hireling notoriously good for playing the spoiler’s role.
On Mr Okocha’s assertion, probably, borne out of lack of more convincing lies, that nothing is happening in the State with respect to governance, is sure a proof that the man is only acting a bad and an unsellable script to justify the reward of expected gratifying filthy lucre, which is the compelling reason for condescending so low and evilly so. How else is governance measured, if not by executing meaningful and impactful projects, giving hope, inspiring and putting smiles on the faces of the people with joy of fulfilment in their hearts, both civil servants and everyone living and doing business in the State? Is Okocha blind to see and deaf to hear of the good works of the Governor Fubara led Rivers State Government? Civil servants are happy, teachers are highly elated. Several projects are ongoing. Investors are trooping in. The health sector, education, agriculture, sports have been highly boosted under Governor Fubara-led administration. To Okocha, there’s no governance in the State because patronage of free money is not getting to him from the Governor but from other sources that are likely against the Governor.
Let Tony Okocha weep more. Rivers State is breathing fresh air already and is liberated.
Let Tony Okocha tell us how he has, so far, as Rivers State Representative in the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC), clearly effected development in the State through the NDDC, and why he lied that there was Cholera outbreak with deaths recorded in Soku in Akuku-Toru Local Government Area with the intent of raking in about ¦ N5billion for non-existent mitigation programmes?
Odike is Special Assistant to Rivers State Governor on Social/New Media .
Bernard C. Idike
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Day Asari-Toru Declared Massive Support For Fubara

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and politician who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He was a member of the Democratic Party and is the only United States President to have served more than two terms.
In one of his popular quotes, he said, “The creed of our democracy is that liberty is acquired and kept by men and women who are strong and self-reliant, and possessed of such wisdom as God gives mankind – men and women who are just, and understanding, and generous to others — men and women who are capable of disciplining themselves. For they are the rulers and they must rule themselves.”
This explains the recent gathering of creme la creme of Asari-Toru political gladiators converged at the inauguration of the Simplified Movement, ASALGA chapter to reiterate their unflinching support for the Rivers State Governor, His Excellency, Sir Siminalayi Fubara whose mantra revolves around liberation.
The event which took place at the Autograph in Port Harcourt on the 1st of March, 2024, to galvanise strong support for Governor Fubara attracted over 500 members of the Simplified Movement from the Asari-Toru Local Government Area of Rivers State.
The gathering of supporters of Governor Fubara’s government, under the umbrella of the Simplified Movement, the ASALGA chapter led by an astute politician, former member of the Federal House of Representatives and two- time member of the Rivers State Executive Council as Commissioner, Chief Hon. Paworiso Samuel Horsfall comprised both the old and young generation political helmsmen drawn from all the 13 Wards of the local government area.
The nerve-““““““wracking gathering had the likes of the 1999 democratic system pioneer Chairman of Asari-Toru Local Government Council and former two-time Special Adviser to ex-Governor Nyesom Wike, Hon. Opakirite Mackson Jackreece; former member of the House of Representatives, Hon. Adokiye Young-Harry; former member of the State House of Assembly, Hon. Daisy West and former Special Adviser to ex-Governor Nyesom Wike, Chief Hon. Iboroma Norman Wokoma.
Others were the incumbent Vice Chairman of Asari-Toru Local Government Council, Hon. (Mrs.) Tekena Wokoma; former Commissioner of the Rivers State Independent Electoral Commission, Hon. Dr. Hope Barango; the South-West Vice Chairman of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Dr. Sule Amachree and the Secretary of the Local Government chapter of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Hon. Cladious Princewill; former Chief of Staff of Council, Hon. Ajumogobia West and former Chairman of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), ASALGA, Hon. Onari Awo Tariah.
Also present at the event were past caretaker committee chairmen of the Local Government Council including, Hon. Waite Harry, Hon. Dawari Hamilton Ibinabo, Hon. Wright Warmate and former Deputy Mayor of the Port Harcourt City Council, Hon. Adokiye Horsfall amongst others. My humble self belongs to the movement. The list is inexhaustible.
Speaking at the inauguration, the member representing Asari-Toru/Akuku-Toru Federal Constituency and leader of the Asari-Toru political family, Hon. Boma Goodhead assured the people of the commitment of the Rivers State Governor, Sir Siminalayi Fubara to extend visible dividends of democracy to the people of ASALGA.
The federal lawmaker who spoke through her representative, Dr. Sule Amachree, said Governor Fubara means well for Rivers people, particularly the people of ASALGA and urged them to remain calm, peaceful and resolute in their support to the administration of the State Governor.
“His Excellency, Sir Siminalayi Fubara is the Governor ordained by God to liberate Rivers people from the snares of poverty and oppression. He is God-sent to bring visible and even development to Rivers State and Asari-Toru people are on the top of that agenda of development,” she said.
Hon. Goodhead reiterated her confidence in the capacity of the leader of the Simplified Movement, ASALGA chapter, Chief Hon. Paworiso Samuel Horsfall to mobilise massive support and a huge source of encouragement for the Government of Sir Siminalayi Fubara to succeed.
“I urge you to continue to stand firm with our Governor. Be rest assured that His Excellency, Sir Siminalayi Fubara is a man of peace, focused and determined to deliver on the mandate given to him by the people of Rivers State. He will not fail you,” she said.
In his speech, the leader of the ASALGA chapter of the Simplified Movement, Chief Hon. Paworiso Samuel Horsfall described the movement as a child of necessity born out of the hunger of Rivers people for a paradigm shift from oppression to liberation.
“As witnessed across the length and breadth of Rivers State, the Simplified Movement is a child of necessity, born out of the hunger for a paradigm shift from oppression to liberation, with one core objective to promote and defend the interests of Rivers State and her people. It is on this account, we stand as dependable allies giving strong support to the Executive Governor, His Excellency, Sir Siminalayi Fubara in his pursuit of peace and commitment to the genuine development of Rivers State.
“It is our position that with the elections come and gone, it is practically a time to face governance and to ensure deliverables of dividends to the people of Rivers State in the atmosphere of peace, security and stability,” he said.
Chief Samuel Horsfall explained that Rivers people saw the leadership qualities needed to achieve the sole objective to genuinely defend and promote the interest of the State in Governor Fubara, hence the spontaneous massive support expressed in the birth of the Simplified Movement.
He recounted avalanche of achievements made by Governor Fubara within six months in office. “We appreciate the Governor of Rivers State, His Excellency, Sir Siminalayi Fubara for his resilience and determination to make a difference. It is on record and attestable by all, the numerous projects being executed by his administration.
“Such as the ongoing construction of the gigantic Port Harcourt Ring Road project, the 20,000 housing units for low income earners, the Ogoni-Andoni-Opobo-Nkoro Unity road, the near completion of the 10km Old Port Harcourt-Bori road, the Emohua-Kalabari road, the 6.5km Woji-Alesa-Refinery link road and the inclusion of the remaining part of the Trans-Kalabari road project in the 2024 budget. “Moreover, the promotion of the State civil servants, first time in history payment of N100,000.00 Christmas bonus to civil servants across board, approval of promotions and implementation of N30,000.00 minimum wage for local government workers and the N4 billion single digit interest loans facility for Small and Medium Scale business operators in Rivers State. All these achievements within six months in office are eloquent testimonies of Governor Fubara to deliberately improve the welfare of Rivers people.
“We are convinced that such a proven great mind and well experienced, tested and trusted administrator/technocrat, Governor Fubara has demonstrated the capacity to deliver effectively the needed democratic dividends to Rivers people. It is on this convention we are gathered here for the umpteenth time to reaffirm our unalloyed support and commitment to his administration,” Chief Samuel Horsfall declared.
He disclosed that the gathering was to put in place citizens mobilisation strategy to forge a collaborative bond with the Governor to foster partnership for the development of ASALGA and the State. He, therefore, advised those he called detractors of Governor Fubara’s administration to desist forthwith and allow the Governor to remain focused in his quest to deliver on his mandate.
“All detractors should desist from further attacks on the Governor and the Chief of Staff, Government House, Rt. Hon. Edison Ehie and allow the Governor to focus on the delivery of the good policies and programmes to Rivers people. We unequivocally condemn attempts by disgruntled Abuja politicians to employ intimidation antics against the former Speaker of the 10th State Assembly and current Chief of Staff, Government House, Rt. Hon. Edison Ehie and others who are standing on the path of justice and good conscience for the collective good of Rivers State.
“We equally urge the Nigerian Police and other security agencies to be discreet in the discharge of their constitutional responsibilities in the State and not to allow themselves to be used by selfish individuals who do not mean well to fuel political crisis in Rivers State.
Chief Samuel Horsfall also commended the federal lawmaker, Hon. Boma Goodhead for her doggedness and resilience in supporting Governor Fubara since the wake of the political crisis in the State.
Several other personalities spoke to express their support to the State Governor and urged the people to ASALGA to maintain their peaceful disposition and remain steadfast in the Simplified Movement to give the state government maximum support to continue to render good governance to Rivers people.
Highlights of the event were the inauguration of the elders and stakeholders of the Simplified Movement for the 13 Wards as well as the executive committee of the movement in Asari-Toru Local Government Area.

Amieyeofori Ibim

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