Promoting Food Safety Practices

Safe food is very essential for maintaining good health. Bacteria, viruses, parasites, and chemicals can heavily
contaminate food or water and cause foodborne illnesses. Therefore, the entire food chain must take necessary steps to prevent the spread of these illnesses. Proper handling, harvesting, processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and consumption of food are all crucial measures for promoting overall wellness and health.
More than 600 million people fall ill every year on account of unsafe food, jeopardizing public health and economies. Vulnerable populations, including women, children, conflict-affected individuals, and migrants, are most impacted. Contaminated food causes an estimated 420,000 annual deaths, and children under five are particularly at risk, with 125,000 dying each year, carrying 40 per cent of the foodborne disease burden.
World Food Safety Day (WFSD) is an annual occasion observed on the 7th of June with the key objective of creating awareness and promoting measures to avert, identify, and control foodborne threats. This undertaking has a substantive influence on numerous facets of our existence, encompassing sustenance, food security, human well-being, financial prosperity, agriculture, market access, tourism, and sustainable growth.
WFSD observance is facilitated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) of the United Nations in collaboration with member states and other relevant bodies. This international day serves as a shot to reinforce efforts to guarantee the safety of our food. It is also an opportunity to make food safety a priority in the public’s mind and to decrease the global burden of foodborne diseases.
Taking on the theme, “Food Standards Save Lives”, it is vital to recognise the crucial role that food standards play in ensuring food safety and saving lives. These standards offer guidance to farmers and processors on proper food handling practices, while simultaneously defining the maximum levels of additives and contaminants that can be considered safe for consumption. The standards have been established by governments, organisations, as well as regional and intergovernmental bodies.
Consumers rely on the information on food packaging to determine if their food is safe. This information is guided by food safety standards for farmers and food processors. Unfortunately, modern farming practices have resulted in increased use of pesticides, chemicals, and additives in food, which can be harmful if not regulated. Water contamination is also a significant concern. The WFSD works to ensure that food standards are followed to promote the best possible health outcomes for all consumers.
The first-ever World Food Safety Day was observed on June 7, 2019, signifying a critical step in addressing food safety challenges globally. The World Health Assembly passed resolution WHA73.5 on August 3, 2020, recognising the importance of WFSD in generating awareness about food safety, preventing foodborne illnesses worldwide, and strengthening global efforts to maintain food safety.
In Nigeria, the intricacies of food safety culture are heightened because of the country’s diverse nature, encompassing over 250 ethnic groups. Unfortunately, with the onset of urbanisation and fluctuating incomes, a large section of the populace remains unaware of the prevailing food safety issues. As such, the government’s regulatory body must enhance its oversight on food safety to ensure greater public protection. Sadly, there has been a discernible lack of progress in public engagement on this critical matter in recent years.
Foodborne illness is a serious problem in Nigeria, with over 200,000 deaths annually. Despite efforts to meet the WHO’s standards for safer food, the lack of basic amenities such as running water and sanitary units has made it difficult to achieve. As a result, food safety problems have become more pronounced throughout the entire food chain in the country. Unsafe foods are the cause of many diseases and contribute to other poor health conditions, such as impaired growth and development.
Poor food safety practices are attributable to multiple factors. These include the expanding population, income inequalities, elongated food distribution networks, constantly changing demographics, insufficient education quality, food consumption habits, and inadequate regulation. These issues are especially predominant in regions with limited economic development.
The increase in issues related to food preparation, safety, sale, and consumption of street foods in inappropriate places is posing a huge challenge to promoting food safety culture in Nigeria. The authorities need to closely monitor these hot-button matters, as well as the public’s lackadaisical attitude towards food safety measures, uncoordinated approach to food control, and poor enforcement of legislation and regulatory limits.
Policymakers and food regulators should ensure that public procurement of food, including food aid, school feeding, and other publicly owned food outlets, provides safe and healthy options for consumers. The government should establish policy measures and legal frameworks to strengthen the national food safety system, ensuring compliance with food safety standards and regulations. Multisectoral collaboration at the local, state, and national levels is imperative to achieve these goals.
Food handlers and vendors must maintain high standards of hygiene, conduct frequent health checks, improve environmental sanitation, and adequately prepare food. This helps reduce the risk of foodborne infections and diseases. Consumers must also be certain of the safety and quality of the foods they consume, as well as the environment in which they are prepared or sold.
This year’s World Food Safety Day serves as a crucial reminder for Nigerians to prioritise food safety as a public health concern. Safe and wholesome food is requisite in boosting immunity and improving the body’s natural defences against diseases. The international day also presents an opportunity for Nigerians to create awareness and generate discussions around food safety. Eating right eliminates the need for medication.