Connect with us

Oil & Energy

Modular Refineries Panacea To Petrol Importation

Published

on

It is not in doubt that Nigeria is one country that is beautifully endowed with natural resources, especially hydrocarbon. She is rated the largest oil producer in Africa and the sixth in the Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC). She was the fifth largest supplier of crude to the United States of America (USA) until the shale gas discovery, an alternative source of energy, and the eleventh in the world.

Recently, at a three-day annual conference and exhibition of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Nigeria in Lagos, the Petroleum Minister, Mrs Diezani Alison-Madueke, said critically the nation’s crude oil reserve was over 36 billion barrels and a current production capacity of about 2.5 billion per day which she acknowledged have made Nigeria the highest supplier of crude oil.

Alison-Madueke also expressed government’s determination to meet the oil reserve’s growth target of 40 billion barrels and an increase in production capacity to 4 million barrels per day by 2020. But the country still remains a net importer of petroleum products.

It is based on the premise that Nigeria being so richly endowed with crude oil but keeps importing refined petroleum products that stakeholders in many fora do not hesitate to condemn this action. Some describe it as a shame and scandalous.

Presenting a paper titled, “Sustainable Refinery Turnaround Maintenance” at the First International Conference on Petroleum Refining and Petrochemicals in Port Harcourt recently, Engr Tony Ogbuigwe, Group Executive Director Refining and Petrochemicals, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) disclosed that within the past five years, the sub-optimal refinery capacity utilisation in the country averages about 20 per cent, while the bench-mark elsewhere was 60 to 80 per cent.

Mr Reginald C. Stanley, Executive Secretary, Petroleum Products Pricing Regulatory Agency (PPPRA) also delivering a paper at the same conference buttressed on the non-functional and low capacity utilisation of the nation’s refineries saying that the four local refineries with the capacity of 445,000 bpd capacity could only contribute about four to twenty per cent in the past five years to the national Petroleum Motor Spirit consumption.

Therefore, getting the four existing refineries to function efficiently is indeed a long term solution to meet the domestic demand for petroleum products in the country.

The President of Petroleum and Natural Gas Senior Staff Association of Nigeria (PENGASSAN), Comrade Babatunde Ogun was quoted as saying that “If the TAM of the four refineries are done, which is supposed to be like 24 months give or take …. We would have been able to achieve about 80 per cent of what we expect if all of them are working maximally”.

However, some industry experts say with the four refineries functioning maximally they could still not adequately meet our local demand. Besides, there are other neighbouring countries that depend on us for these products. How do we meet this demand when the four refineries, at peak production, could barely meet domestic demand?

The need for a change of paradigm from a net importer of refined petroleum products to a major net exporter with our richly endowed raw material makes the call by Professor Godwin Igwe for the establishment of a modular refinery in each of the 36 states of the federation necessary. There is no nation, the world over, that can attain riches by exporting its raw materials without having a vibrant industrial base.

According to Prof. Igwe, to be a net exporter of refined petroleum products, the establishment of modular refineries in the 36 states of the federation is a must.

He said modular mini-refineries can provide flexible and cost effective supply option for crude oil producers in remote areas and very useful where there was a need to adapt rapidly to meet local demand.

He explained that with modular refineries which have relatively low capital cost, easy to construct and high speed, unit modules from 4,000 bpd up to 30,000 bpd primary distillation capacity could be produced. It could also be improved with debottlenecking to create a refinery of 100,000 bpd production capacity or more, he noted and added that they are usually prefabricated in workshop conditions and shipped to site for assembly.

Close proximity to crude supply, nearness to sizeable market and with logistic advantages which would decrease high distribution costs in remote regions, project finance on preferential terms from development credit agencies and some government incentives to regional development were some of the conditions required to make investment in modular refineries workable.

Explaining further on refinery investment, the professor in chemical engineering said, “the overall economics or viability of a refinery depends on the interaction of three key elements: the choice of crude oil used or crude state; the complexity of the refining equipment or refinery configuration; and the desire type and quality of products produced or product state.

Prof. Igwe, however, acknowledged that due to the importance of crude oil to the petroleum refining industry, the transportation cost associated with moving it from the oil field to the consuming regions and the crude qualities have made it more economical for distant refineries to use imported crude. But pointed out that similar factors have led some countries to the development of modular mini-refineries in crude producing regions since locating them close to the source of crude minimizes the logistics and distribution cost.

Instances of countries that have adopted the use of modular refineries include Papua New Guinea, Eromanga, Queensland Australia, Indonesia, Iran and Iraq.

In view of the foregoing, the effort of the federal government in signing a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Petroleum Refining and Strategic Reserve (PRSR) Ltd and Vulcan Capital Corporation (VCC) Ltd for the establishment of six modular refineries in the country is very commendable.

The NNPC said in a letter that “the establishment of modular refineries is practicable and desirable to increase local refining capacity. The Corporation will be available to conduct detailed technical evaluation in conjunction with the investor group subsequently” and promised to make “utmost endeavour to ensure oil supply to the planned six modular refineries” but “subject to availability and location of refineries”.

This, indeed is a step in the right direction and should not only end at just six but more, may be the 36 suggested by Prof. Igwe if the nation must move from the present quagmire.

 

Vivian-Peace Nwinaene

Continue Reading

Oil & Energy

NSCDC’s Anti-Vandal Squad Uncovers Artisanal Refinery In Rivers Community

Published

on

The Anti-Vandal Squad of the Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), Rivers State Command, has uncovered yet another local refinery situated at Adobi-Akwa settlement in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State.
The State Commandant, Basil Igwebueze, disclosed this while speaking to journalists shortly after the tour of the Illegal site.
Represented by the Head, Anti-Vandal Squad, CSC Peters Ibiso, Igwebueze said the squad made the discovery following a tipp off, expressing regret that no arrest was made as the  boys fled the site upon sighting the squad.
The cammandant’s representative took the newsmen across a tick forest of about 6-7 kilometers from the main town.
The team sighted where the pipeline vandals tapped into the Well Head of yet to be ascertained multinational company, connected their galvanised pipes to several cooking pots, heat up the crude to produce Automotive Gas Oil (AGO).
In his words, “Upon receiving a tip-off, the Anti-Vandal operatives swung into action to uncover this illegal oil bunkering site. They were in this forest for two days having cordoned the area, unfortunately, the perpetrators upon sighting our men took to their heels, but investigation is still ongoing to effect the arrests of such defiant elements”.
The Anti-Vandal Unit Head further narrated the operation techniques of the operators of local illegal refineries from the point of extraction of crude through vandalism of oil pipelines to cooking in various ovens where the content is subjected to high temperature and transmitted through pipes to reservoirs for storage and onward trans- loading to buyers.
While insisting that the command would not relent in the fight against illegal dealings in petroleum products, he urged the public to have more trust in the NSCDC by providing actionable intelligence that would enhance possible arrest of economic saboteurs in the State.
“Our commitment to continuously work in tandem with the prosecutorial mandate of the corps in order to rid the State of economic saboteurs remains unchanged. We value our informants and most especially the intelligence driven tip-off received from time to time.
“It is also our duty to ensure that our source of information are not disclosed so as to protect our informants. It is therefore our delight that the public will continue to have confidence and trust in us as we together protect the nation’s critical national assets and infrastructure from dare devil vandals”, he stated.

By: Lady Godknows Ogbulu

Continue Reading

Oil & Energy

Oil Fund Withdrawals Suggest Extended Price Rally

Published

on

The world’s largest crude oil exchange-traded fund has bled over $2 billion in less than a year. And it i
s not due to investors finding greener pastures elsewhere with other ETFs; it is the siren call of soaring prices that is prompting this mass exodus.
The WisdomTree Brent Crude Oil exchange-traded commodity had assets under management of some $2.5 billion last summer, according to Bloomberg. Now, the publication reports, this is down to $396 million, with withdrawals accelerating over the past few days.
In that, withdrawals seem to be following price trends. Brent earlier this month topped $90 per barrel and, after a short pause earlier this week, is back above that threshold again following the latest Israeli strike on the Gaza Strip amid reports about a possible ceasefire.
While it is true that prices are currently driven higher mainly by geopolitical events, fundamentals are also at play. A growing number of forecasters are updating their predictions for benchmarks this year on expectations of resilient demand and increasingly tighter supply. And investors are following the trend.
Even those who have not sold their ETF holdings in order to invest more directly in the rally are benefitting. That same WisdomTree Brent Crude Oil ETC generated returns of over 13 percent during the first quarter of the year as opposed to an average 8.8% gain in the S&P 500.
The WisdomTree exchange-traded commodity became the world’s largest oil fund at the beginning of last year. The fund saw inflows of over $1 billion, which poured in as the deflation in oil prices that had begun in late 2022 extended into the new year. Now, the trend has reversed and it has reversed strongly.
The WisdomTree Brent Crude Oil ETC is not the only fund seeing outflows. The U.S. Oil Fund, which used to be the world’s biggest oil fund before the WisdomTree inflows last year and is now the world’s biggest oil fund once again, also saw a flurry of investor exits as benchmarks climbed higher.
According to Bloomberg, the fund’s assets under management currently stand at $1.3 billion, down from some $5 billion during the pandemic.
In further evidence that oil makes money, the Middle East is about to become the only region in the world with three trillion-dollar sovereign wealth funds. The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority is worth $993 billion, Bloomberg reported in March, while the Saudi Public Investment Fund and the Kuwait Investment Authority are breathing down its neck.
Meanwhile, investment in transition-related stocks is on the decline, according to data reported by Reuters. The S&P Global Clean Energy Index is down by 10% since the start of the year. In comparison, the S&P 500 Energy Index, which comprises Big Oil names, has gained 16.3%.
The data shows that investors are growing wary of all the promises made by transition advocates as evidence mounts that these were not based on due diligence. Wind and solar stocks suffered a crash last year when this first became clear.
Now, we are witnessing a continued awakening among investors to the challenges and the realistic potential of transition technology and alternative energy sources.
“With conventional energy having its own bull run, I think the alternative funds will struggle for the foreseeable future, and we shall see what the election brings”,  the Managing Director of capital markets at Phoenix Capital Group Holdings told Reuters.
The comment summarizes the challenging situation for alternative energy investment and highlights the rebound of interest in oil and gas, much to the chagrin of decision-makers on both sides of the Atlantic.
In both Europe and the U.S., things can get even worse for the transition after the respective elections—in June for European Parliament and in November for U.S. President. It will certainly be an interesting year in energy.
Slav writes for oilprice.

By: Irina Slav

Continue Reading

Oil & Energy

CNG Initiative: FG Targets 25,000 Jobs, $2.5bn Investment 

Published

on

The Programme Director and Chief Executive, Presidential Compressed Natural Gas Initiatives, Michael Oluwagbemi, has announced the Federal Government’s plan to target over 25,000 jobs and $2.5 billion worth of investment by 2027.
Oluwagbemi made this known during the Presidential CNG stakeholders’ engagement workshop held at BOVAS Auto-Gas Filling Stations, Ajibode Bus-Stop, in Ibadan, Oyo State capital, at the weekend.
He stated that the initiative, which was part of palliative measures to ease the burden of the removal of fuel subsidy, would attract enormous investment and job creation as well as impact positively on the lives of Nigerians.
Meanwhile, he called on Nigerians to embrace the new initiatives by the Federal Government as part of palliatives to cushion the effect of the removal of fuel subsidy in the country.
“On October 1, 2023, when the President gave his speech, he announced that the Presidential CNG initiatives are going to be rolled out as part of palliatives on the removal of fuel subsidy.
“One of our major concerns is to make sure that the transition for the transportation sector is a cheaper, safer, and more reliable source of energy.
“In the coming weeks, we are going to be announcing the conversion incentives programme which will enable Nigerians currently using PMS and Diesel fuel vehicles to be able to convert their vehicles at designated places across the country at a discounted price based on certain pre-qualification under the palliative programme of the Federal Government”, he said.
On the value chain of the initiative, Oluwagbemi explained that the Federal Ministry of Finance is acquiring tricycles and buses that would be assembled and manufactured in Nigeria, with more than five automobile firms being activated.
“The value chain of the programme starts with every one of us. From the point of converting your vehicle, you have created the demand for natural gas.
“If your vehicle is converted by technicians and refuelled by autogas workshops across the country, then you are creating jobs for civil engineers and technicians. You’re creating jobs for the upstream in terms of upstream activities associated with oil and gas.
“And in line with the programme, the Federal Ministry of Finance is acquiring a number of tricycles and buses that will be assembled and manufactured in Nigeria. More than five of our automobile firms have been activated. So, you can see that in terms of job creation, the opportunities for Nigerians are enormous.
“The President has said we need to convert one million vehicles by 2027. We need 1,000 conversion shops and we need over 3,000 filing stations just like this. You can imagine the level of investment required for this.
“In order to sustain one million vehicle conversions by 2027, we need 25,000 technicians. So, the job creation potential is an opportunity for job creation in addition to our gross domestic product, $2.5 billion worth of investment to be mobilised in the next four years and of course more than $25 billion added to our GDP”, he said.
Oluwagbemi further called on Nigerians to embrace the new initiatives by the Federal Government as part of palliatives to cushion the effect of the removal of fuel subsidy in the country.
The representative of BOVAS Filling Station, a private investor in the Presidential CNG Initiatives, Temitope Samson, said, “We have worked with the regulators, we are also working with the Presidential Initiatives on CNG to make sure that standard safety is adhered to. We have also worked with the Standard Organisation of Nigeria to ensure that we have a standard accepted internationally.
“Our role is to ensure that there is availability of CNG across the nation, and to also ensure we have enough kits and tanks that are converted for people to use as many as possible, and to ensure safety and to train others so that anywhere they get to, they have very safe conversion”.
Recall that last year, President Bola Tinubu approved the Presidential Compressed Natural Gas initiative(PCNG-i)
This initiative aims to not only introduce more than 11,500 new CNG-enabled vehicles and provide 55,000 CNG conversion kits for existing vehicles that depend on Premium Motor Spirit but also promote local manufacturing, assembly, and job creation.

Continue Reading

Trending